Criteria assessment of students' academic achievements is especially relevant in the framework of the transition of educational institutions to the new Federal state standards.
GEF
GEF of the second generation suggest a significant modernization of modern education. In addition to supporting skills and abilities, attention is paid to the independent activities of schoolchildren, a reliable foundation is created for the secondary level of education.
First-generation standards assessed the degree to which students learn a certain minimum of knowledge and skills. Criteria assessment according to GEF is focused on new goals and results, allows you to control the child’s self-development. In the new educational system, assessment does not act as a criterion of a minimum, it is used to test the mastery of educational skills and abilities.
Grades in primary school students
Monitoring the achievements of younger students is an urgent problem of the modern educational system. Let us analyze the main forms and methods of assessment associated with the cumulative rating system, as well as highlight the distinctive features of the unmarked version in younger students.
Features of the new standards
The leading component in the new educational standards to the results of mastering the basic curricula is the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.
They install:
- Directions for the development of the educational system, which determine the main thematic sections.
- Criteria based assessment technology allows you to describe the individual achievements of students.
- The requirements for the organization and content of primary education are defined.
As the main direction of assessment with a new approach to education, it is monitoring the results of the implementation and development of modern curricula. GEF of the second generation is aimed at the personal development of students. Criteria based assessment in mathematics involves taking into account several groups of OUs.
There are three main options for determining educational outcomes that require criteria-based assessment:
- meta-subject;
- personal;
- subject matter.
The personal results in the FSES are considered as the development of the child’s self-determination, including the formation of his civic identity, the improvement of his internal position, the formation of the meanings and motives of educational and extracurricular activities, the improvement of moral and ethical values, feelings, personal qualities.
Meta-subject skills suggest universal activities: communicative, cognitive, as well as options for its adjustment:
- control;
- planning;
- correction.
Universal options can be mastered by children on the basis of one or several educational disciplines, used by schoolchildren in the cognitive process, during extracurricular activities, to eliminate real life problems, to find a way out of difficult situations. Criteria assessment of student learning achievement is mainly used in educational activities. Subject learning outcomes mean material mastered by students in the process of studying the subject.
Results of an initial general education standard
The main results of the GEF in elementary school, which allows you to analyze the criteria-based assessment system, are:
- the formation of objective and universal actions that allow continuing education at the second level (in the main school);
- the upbringing of the ability to learn, develop independently, self-organize, set their own goals and objectives, solve educational, practical and educational-cognitive tasks;
- individuality of progress in the development of personal qualities.
Criteria assessment in the elementary grades helps the teacher to find an individual approach to each child, to choose the best teaching methods and forms. There is a special document that indicates all the planned results for different educational areas (subjects).
GEF Assessment Purpose
Criteria assessment in elementary school according to the standards of the second generation analyzes the way to achieve the planned educational results. As a result, the following educational, practical and cognitive tasks are solved:
- Creation of a system of scientific ideas about a person, society, nature.
- Skills of research, cognitive, practical activity.
- Communicative and informational skills.
Criteria assessment in elementary school according to GEF has some features. New standards are aimed at organizing joint lesson and extracurricular activities of schoolchildren and teachers, the choice and organization of educational content, and the creation of an enabling environment.
Criteria assessment is not just a learning tool, but a stable regulator of the educational program. It acts as a self-valuable fragment of the content of the subject, a means of increasing the effectiveness of training and teaching. The place, the function of the mark in the educational process has changed. Criteria assessment of student achievement is based on the following principles:
- It is an ongoing process that is integrated into ordinary activities.
- For each stage of the lesson, the teacher applies his own assessment option. Diagnostic tests are also suitable for the initial phase of extracurricular activities.
- Intermediate, final, thematic, milestone, criteria-based assessment is indispensable at the stage of testing ZUN.
Axioms of assessment
There are certain canons that characterize the assessment according to GEF:
- To achieve any goal, several methods are suitable.
- None of the criteria-based assessment systems can adequately assess the individual abilities of schoolchildren.
- It is necessary to carry out a preliminary check, identifying the possibility of applying the selected method for a specific educational program.
- You should not use all technologies at once, it is important to identify priority areas.
- Criteria based assessment focuses on the formation of positive motivation, supporting the success of students.
- GEF does not imply the transformation of the assessment into a “whip” for the student.
Criterion assessment in mathematics lessons should not be reduced to a huge number of test and control works, to intimidate students with low grades. Each student must have the right to his own educational path, the personal pace of studying the educational material.
If the system is criteria-based, students are evaluated based on their individual abilities and personal results. GEF does not imply unsatisfactory marks on moral development, patriotic education. The teacher gets the opportunity to compare each child’s personal results.
GEF does not involve the teacher comparing the achievements of different students, since there is a problem of the psychological comfort of the child. The teacher sets the final mark as the total result of the assessments accumulated by the child for the period under review (quarter, half year, year).
New standards imply only criteria-based assessment in the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, and the surrounding world. In order not to cause a negative reaction among schoolchildren, all the criteria and norms of grades, the specifics of the exposure, are informed in advance to parents, children, and teachers. The mark is used to control the results of the educational activities of the child, it cannot distinguish the personal qualities of the student.
The modern education system presumes a criterion assessment. The school is invited to build a special form of control, within which all students will be included in such activities, will be able to gain self-esteem skills, work in creative groups. This type of work implements the principle of an even distribution of responsibility among all participants in the educational process: teachers, students, parents.
Criteria assessment of the Russian language implies the voluntary performance of statements and dictations, tasks of an increased level of complexity. At the first stage of training, the assessment system is used to stimulate the child’s desire to learn:
- the teacher controls the primary knowledge and experience of the student, used to study the material;
- group and individual achievements of schoolchildren are taken into account;
- analyzes the understanding of the material studied by the child;
- the teacher encourages children to reflect on their own result, contribution to the common cause.
The grading system according to the Federal State Educational Standard in elementary school involves setting an internal mark, it is determined by the teacher. External evaluation is carried out by a variety of services in the form of monitoring studies, certification work. Such a criterial assessment of mathematics does not affect the fourth (annual) mark. Second-generation FSES not only modernized the content of education, they adjusted the requirements for schoolchildren’s training, approaches to learning outcomes, their diagnosis.
The specifics of evaluating meta-subject, subject, personal results
When introducing the second generation standards, the question arose for teachers about assessing the formation of actions, the level of achievements, fixing new learning outcomes. In order to find answers to the questions posed, representatives of the elementary school formulated certain tasks:
- To analyze the options of pedagogical control, assessment of educational and extracurricular achievements of students in the light of new standards.
- To study the methodological and scientific literature on the problem of assessing the achievement of planned results, the degree of mastery of the basic curriculum of primary education.
- To think over the criteria for assessing educational skills of students in terms of second-generation standards.
For the implementation of the GEF, personal, meta-subject, and subject-related education results are evaluated. The teacher identifies informative (subject-active) lines. In addition to the marks set by the teacher, the child also carries out self-esteem, monitors the dynamics of personal achievements.
Portfolio allows you to accumulate achievements, analyze the individual educational development of the student. In addition to standard written or oral work, the GEF assumes the design (research) activities of students. At the end of the school year, each child individually or as part of the project team protects the project. The presentation of the results of the work is chosen by the educational institution, approved by the school board.
Grade History
Assessment appeared in pedagogy for a long time. It was used to check the level of assimilation of new material, the control of intellectual skills. The teacher tries at each lesson to devote a certain period of time to assessing students. Among the common methods for checking ZUN, the leading positions belong to: control and independent work, simulators, tests, frontal surveys. Also, to check the level of training, children are offered special homework, for which the teacher puts marks. The classic version of assessment is work in small groups, oral presentations to classmates. Examples of assessment methods offered in the new educational system are:
- test items;
- express polls;
- observations;
- exercises with self-esteem;
- gaming assessment options;
- discussions.
To achieve the tasks set by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the teacher must not only own the assessment system, but also operate on the forms and methods of training.
In addition to reproductive methods, including the classical explanation of the material, the implementation of exercises according to the scheme, the teacher must use problem technologies in his work. They are the leaders in the educational standards of the new generation. The research approach, design, modeling of different situations, including extracurricular education, helps the teacher to achieve the tasks set by the Ministry of Education.
Assessment methods
Impressive teaching methods presuppose the formation of social, aesthetic, moral, scientific values among schoolchildren. Assessment involves taking into account the following facts:
- student activity
- level of reproduction of the information received.
Expressive methods involve students simulating situations in which they can demonstrate their level of training and upbringing. GEF involves the combination of these two methods, the analysis is carried out in conjunction. Integrated assessment involves taking into account all skills, the emphasis is on personal skills.
The school forms such a rating system that will objectively control the individual abilities of the student, monitor the development of new knowledge, and the acquisition of certain skills. The teacher conducts a comprehensive check of the achievements of pupils, selects for each child its own version of further development. Maintaining a portfolio of student achievement is a way to constantly monitor the individual growth of the children.
Assessment System Examples
For first graders, non-assessment training is suitable:
- the teacher creates a "ladder of achievements", at each level of which students are expected to receive certain skills;
- the heroes of fairytale rulers help kids learn new knowledge, get the basics of design and research activities;
- sheets of individual achievements are based on painting cells in different colors, and the shade depends on what skills are obtained from schoolchildren;
- observation sheets.
All these assessment methods without the use of points should be supplemented by comprehensive (final) knowledge tests. Among the innovations introduced at the initial stage of training, writing test work by graduates of grade 4. This initiative came from the teachers themselves, who understand the importance and significance of rating testing at the initial stage of training. Similar test items will help children prepare for final exams, awaiting them at the basic education level (9th grade), at the end of high school (11th grade).
Portfolio
The rapid development of modern society has left its mark on education. The introduction of new training standards at the primary and secondary levels of education has made significant changes to the assessment system. A rating system has appeared that takes into account not only general educational skills, but also other personal achievements of schoolchildren. Now not only teachers, high school students, but also elementary school students have a portfolio. What can be invested in a portfolio of personal achievements? All you can be proud of:
- Special achievement sheets, which reflect the dynamics of educational personality changes, starting from the first year of his education in an educational institution.
- The results of various tests, conclusions on their results. Initial diagnostics are considered as initial testing. It is conducted by a psychologist before a child enters school.
- Both closed and open answers of the child are invested in the portfolio, which reflect the development of technical skills: reading techniques, computational skills.
- Diplomas, thanks, diplomas from various olympiads, contests, conferences, creative events.
Conclusion
GEF are aimed at the formation of a developed personality. The ZUN assessment system has been substantially modernized. The first place is not the score characterizing the specific ZUN of the child, but the progress, personal achievements that the student received for the estimated period of time.
This approach encourages students to self-development, self-improvement. If the children are comfortable in the lesson, there is no fear of assessment, they are not afraid to answer, the desire for new knowledge from schoolchildren will increase from year to year. The use of certain criteria corresponding to the Federal State Educational Standard when assessing helps the teacher to develop a sense of responsibility, cooperation, and ability to work in a team in his students .