All citizens of the Russian Federation are guaranteed medical care, including free of charge. This right is enshrined in the Constitution of the country and is reflected in Article 41. The types of medical and social assistance approved by the list are provided to health care institutions on a free basis through government funding and other sources of distribution of earmarked income.
Comprehensive assistance to the population
“Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens” (No. 5487-1) is a document that defines the basic principles for the provision of medical care, life and health protection, civil rights and regulates the responsibilities of medical institutions and state bodies. The provision of medical care and treatment to citizens is regulated by several laws in force - “On Psychiatric Care”, “On Veterans”, “On the Status of Military Personnel” and other acts of state and federal laws.
The range of medical and social assistance includes:
- Prevention
- Treatment.
- Diagnostics.
- Rehabilitation.
- Recovery.
- Dental prosthetics.
- Orthopedic prosthetics.
- Nursing.
- Caring for people with disabilities and persons with disabilities.
- Payment of benefits during a period of temporary disability.
General Provisions
Medical and social assistance for the population is provided in healthcare organizations and social organizations. protection of any form of ownership by qualified personnel.
Under the protection of the health of citizens is meant a set of measures, the introduction of which helps to preserve and strengthen health (mental, physical), maintain activity throughout life, provide a specified amount of medical care in case of disability or health.
Free medical care is guaranteed in municipal and state institutions. An additional set of medical services is provided on the basis of individual or collective health insurance programs (voluntary).
Types of assistance
At the present stage in the Russian Federation, the types of medical and social assistance are:
- Primary The types of primary medical and social assistance in Russia include the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, medical examination of the population, preventive measures, hygienic training and education, organizational work with the population. The tasks of the employees of this level include conducting anti-epidemic, preventive, sanitary-hygienic and other measures at the place of residence, in accordance with the territorial-district principle of providing the primary stage of medical care.
- Ambulance. This type of care is provided in acute conditions requiring immediate medical attention (poisoning, injury, accidents, etc.). Ambulance is provided free of charge in any medical institution, regardless of legal form of ownership, territorial or municipal affiliation.
- Specialized. The type of assistance that requires the use of resource-intensive technologies, high-tech and special methods of providing medical services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Financing is carried out at the expense of budgets of all levels.
- Medical and social assistance to patients affected by socially significant pathologies (hepatitis, tuberculosis, STDs, mental disorders, oncology, diabetes mellitus). Treatment, rehabilitation, medical supervision, etc. are provided free of charge.
- Medical and social assistance to citizens with diagnosed diseases that are dangerous to others (HIV, tuberculosis, plague, cholera, leprosy, malaria, diphtheria, etc.). It is provided in narrowly specialized medical institutions for free.
Assistance Institutions
All types of medical and medical-social assistance are provided in institutions:
- Ambulance stations, structural emergency departments.
- Outpatient clinics and clinics provide citizens with medical care in case of pathological conditions that do not require round-the-clock monitoring, the use of intensive treatment methods, isolation.
- Hospitals, hospitals and their infrastructure are designed to provide all types of care and treatment to patients who need constant monitoring of the condition. Indications for placement in a hospital are poisoning with a threat to life, exacerbation of chronic pathologies, the acute course of the disease, pathology of pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion.
- Rehabilitation and rehabilitation measures are implemented in outpatient facilities, in day care departments of hospitals, hospitals and other units, including in sanatoriums.
Insurance
Health insurance is a mandatory form of social security and protection of citizens. The purpose of insurance is to guarantee the receipt of most types of medical and social assistance.
Insurance is distinguished by type:
- Guaranteed Health Insurance (MHI). This form is part of social government programs for protecting the population and guarantees citizens of the Russian Federation equal rights and access to all types of medical care, medical support (as part of the compulsory medical insurance programs).
- Personal Initiative Health Insurance (VMI) - provides access to additional types of care.
Social health insurance is governed by the law on compulsory health insurance. Under the compulsory medical insurance system, citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as persons without Russian citizenship, but who live in Russia, are insured. Citizens who have entered into any type of insurance contract receive a medical policy.
Existing and legally approved forms and types of medical and social assistance are guaranteed to every citizen by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Forms of assistance for the disabled and the elderly
The types of medical and social assistance to the elderly and the disabled are regulated by the law "On Social Services for Senior Citizens and the Disabled."
The range of assistance provided includes:
- Care, leisure activities.
- Organization of medical care.
- Catering.
- Legal, socio-psychological and natural support.
Elderly and disabled people who need help from outsiders (permanent, temporary) have the right and receive social services provided by qualified specialists working in specialized institutions.
Types of assistance to vulnerable people
In specialized departments for the disabled and the elderly, the types of medical and social assistance are:
- The provision of first aid at home, in the institution, general care.
- Implementation of preventive measures in order to prevent exacerbation of diseases, monitoring the health status of serviced persons.
- Providing a range of services - emergency first aid, escorting a person to medical facilities, including hospitals. In case of hospitalization, the social worker visits the ward. The scope of tasks includes monitoring the state (measuring the main indicators of the state - body temperature, level of pressure, dressings, treatment of wounds, bedsores, etc.). Also, the social worker carries out the selection of materials for further laboratory research, monitors the administration of medications (if necessary, injects), etc.
- Medical and social services are provided in specialized centers, departments or at municipal institutions.
Privileges
The types of medical and social assistance to citizens include a system of benefits. Currently, these types of benefits are distinguished:
- Families with many children (free distribution of medicines or sale at reduced prices, incentives for transportation costs, etc.).
- Disabled people (preferential or free provision of sanatorium vouchers, free issuance of medications, free prosthetic and orthopedic care, benefits for using public transport, etc.).
- Veterans (free orthopedic prosthetics, rehabilitation, social package, etc.).
Medicinal care
In the Russian Federation, some categories of citizens have the right to preferential, as well as to free provision of medications. For certain groups of citizens and categories of diseases, the possibility of obtaining medicines for half the cost or on a free basis is fixed.
Treatment in hospitals, hospitals, hospitals is fully provided with free medication, regardless of the length of stay of the patient.
The right to receive free medicines are:
- Participants in military operations and military operations (RF, USSR).
- Participants of the wars (Civil, World War II).
- People with disabilities of the Second World War and citizens equated to them on benefits.
- Heroes of the Soviet Union, holders of the full Order of Glory.
- Citizens who worked in Leningrad during the blockade period.
- Disabled people (I, II groups).
- Children under 3 years old, children from large families under 6 years.
- Disabled children under the age of 18 years.
- Close relatives of servicemen (wives, parents) who died during military service.
A 50% discount on the purchase of medicines is provided:
- People of retirement age who receive a minimum pension.
- Working persons with disabilities of groups II and III (disabled or unemployed).
- Citizens awarded the title “Honorary Donor of the Russian Federation”.
- Participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident.
- Persons who have been persecuted for political reasons.
Sanatorium treatment
This type of medical and social security involves the provision of part of citizens free or preferential vouchers for spa treatment. In some cases, monetization of benefits is provided.
Who is entitled to such medical and social assistance:
- Persons of advanced age (medical report required).
- Children with disabilities, adults with disabilities, participants in the Second World War.
- Veterans of labor.
- Affected by radiation exposure (Chernobyl accident).
- Donors
- Persons injured at work.
- Persons working with chemical weapons.
Social or medical?
Medical and social activities are divided into types - primary and secondary. Primary care measures are aimed at the prevention of diseases, the formation among the population of the need to undergo an annual medical examination, as well as the restoration in each citizen of the need to lead a healthy and informed lifestyle.
Secondary (adaptive) medical and social work is focused on creating comfortable physical and psychological conditions for a sick person, allowing him to return to social and labor activity without harming his state of health.
Social and medical work is a single system that provides every member of society with the opportunity to remain active throughout life, and in case of illness, to receive affordable qualified help to recover and return to normal activities. The work of health structures offers the population all types of medical and social assistance.
Comparative characteristics of social and medical functions (table):
| Medical | Social |
| Reconstructive and rehabilitation medicine. Establishment of rehabilitation centers | Prevention of bad habits, agitation for a healthy and active lifestyle |
| Medical and social patronage of patient groups | Identification of social factors that undermine health |
| Proactive and conservative treatment of chronic disability diseases | Material assistance, benefits for large families, low-income groups |
| Palliative care for terminally ill patients | Correction of the patient's condition, psychological, material support |
Social and medical care for families with several children | Protecting and securing a citizen's right to health |
Medical and social assistance to citizens is supported by state institutions in the development of regulatory, legislative, scientific and methodological foundations for the functioning of organizations and institutions whose activities are aimed at social protection and medical assistance to the population.