Solving puzzles gives people pleasure: it’s very nice to realize that you just found the answer to one of the most complex logical problems in the world. However, this is not the only reason why you need to at least sometimes solve puzzles. For other reasons, about the most complex logical problems, the benefits of solving them, read the article.
The hardest logic puzzle
The most difficult task is named that way. The people call it the "Battle of the people and the gods." The most complex logical problem was first proposed by a philosopher and logician from the United States of America. His name is George Bulos . The whole world learned about this puzzle after its publication in the newspaper Respublika, which is published in Italy. This happened in 1992.
Condition
The most difficult logical task looks intimidating from the very beginning. How is her condition recorded? Suppose there are three gods who know each other. One of them is the god of lies, the other is truth, and the third is chance. It is customary to designate them with letters A, B and C, using letters in random order.
The god of lies always speaks only untruth; the god of truth, on the contrary, utters only truthful sayings. And finally , the god of chance can speak both truth and falsehood, while it is impossible to predict what he will say now.
The challenge is to figure out who each god is. To do this, you can ask only three questions. The most difficult logical task implies that all these questions can be addressed both to one god, and to each, but in turn. It all depends on the responses received. Questions should only include an affirmative (“Yes”) or negative (“No”) answer.
It is indicated that the gods understand the language in which questions will be asked, but they answer in their own way . You can hear either the word Ja or Da. It is not known which of them means “No” and which means “Yes”.
The most difficult logical problem was published along with a few tips for solving it. They sound like this:
- Questions can be asked in different ways: to ask something from each of the gods or not at all.
- Only after the answer is received, you can ask the following question.
- The god of chance decides which answer to give with the coin in his head.
- There is such a thing as a question-paradox. An example would be the expression: “Are you going to answer “ Ja ” ?” So, you cannot ask such questions.
Decision
Bulos , the logician and philosopher who created the problem, suggested in his article the course of the solution. The first thing to do is calculate the god of truth or the god of lies. To do this, create a question with complex logical connections. It should sound something like this: “We will assume that you are the god of truth, B is the god of chance, will Da mean“ yes ”?” Of course, this is not an exact formulation, it is only an approximate option. Using this question, you can identify one of the gods. Further, it all depends on how to ask two more questions.
Sudoku Escargot
Many people are familiar with games oriented to rearrange numbers in Sudoku . Solving this puzzle is a great way to arrange a 5-minute workout for the brain. Perhaps you are good at solving Japanese sudoku . But can you solve the most difficult task in your group?
AI Sudoku is an algorithm for creating complex sudoku , built by a mathematician named Arto Inkala in 2012. Recently, more and more bots have appeared, but this one is considered the most difficult. It is called Escargot. Along with the main task, you can find 19 other complex sudoku , which were also created by the bot.
To find a solution to the most complex logical sudoku problem in the world, you need to allocate enough time for this. The British publication The Telegraph reported that the Escargot is rated 11 points on the Sudoku difficulty scale, while familiar puzzles of increased complexity are pulled by 5.
Recognition problem
Mikhail Moiseevich Bongard , a Russian cybernetics, in 1967 first published in his book an example of a logical puzzle called “The Problem of Recognition”. However, Bongard's very complex logical tasks gained popularity later. This happened after the American scientist Douglas Hofstadter wrote about them in his book.
To find a solution to the “Problem of Recognition”, it is necessary to identify a certain pattern or rule. The six images that are on the left page comply with this rule. Accordingly, the images on the right page do not fit it.
Number of durability
Martin Gardner is an American mathematician who is the author of a large number of different puzzles and tasks. The most famous of them is the search for the “number of stamina”. The bottom line is to reduce a certain number to one digit in the least number of steps. For this, it is necessary to sequentially multiply the component numbers.
Most often, an example of a solution is “77”. You can reduce it to one number in a few steps. 7 * 7 = 49, 4 * 9 = 36, 3 * 6 = 18, 1 * 8 = 8. The action was performed four times, this is the "number of resistance."
Many kinds of puzzles are published on specialized information resources of the relevant subject area, including the most complex logical tasks - with answers, tips, decision algorithms, etc. They always cause lively interest, so if you want to keep yourself or your friends busy on a dank, wet evening , take this opportunity or even try to come up with a task yourself. Believe me, finding "numbers of resistance" is a very exciting experience.
A riddle for geniuses
According to statistics, these geniuses find a solution within ten seconds. If you believe the polls, logical tasks - complex, with a catch - do not cause particular difficulties for Harvard graduates, they take no more than 40 seconds to complete this task. For example, Bill Gates passes this genius test in 20 seconds. 15 percent of the world's inhabitants are gifted people, they find a solution in two minutes. Now look at this picture and guess which figure is superfluous.
The answer is: figure one . She does not have common features with the rest of the images. Judge for yourself, the figure number 2 is missing a white frame, and number 3 is the only circle. While all other figures are red, No. 4 is green , and No. 5 is obviously smaller than the others. Thus, only the figure number one does not have any striking differences from most images, which is its main ... difference.
Islanders
Another interesting mystery is also related to falsehood and truth. Let's say two tribes live on the island at once. Liars always cheat, and good fellows, on the contrary, always tell the truth. A traveler who met an islander asked him a question to find out who he was. He said that he was well done, and he was hired as a guide.
During the trip, travelers saw another islander, who , according to the accompanying person , also claimed that he was well done. Attention, a question! How to determine whether the conductor was a liar or well done?
The answer is this: on this island everyone says that they are great. Since the guide correctly conveyed to the traveler the answer of the islander, it is clear that he is well done.
Football teams
Above were presented to your attention both medium and very complex logical tasks. With the answers written at the end, solving them, of course, is easier. And to strain the brain even more, you can create additional difficulties for yourself: do not write down the condition and try to find the right solution in your mind. So here is another puzzle.
There are several football teams. On the standings, “Torpedo” takes first place, “Spartak” - fifth. Dynamo is in the middle between the two teams. Next, you need to be very careful: if Spartak is ahead of Lokomotiv, and Zenit takes place immediately after Dynamo, which of the five teams will take second place? An answer must be given after 30 seconds. It will sound like this: “Locomotive”.
Online puzzles
The Internet can be called a repository of puzzles. But many tasks require simple technical skills, for example, the ability to find the source code of a page for hints or modify image files. Remember that complex logical tasks are created in order to test your intelligence, and not test for computer knowledge.
NSA Periodic Puzzle
The National Security Agency has a bad reputation, as it has been repeatedly suspected of spying on Internet users and privacy violations. If you do not take this into account, you can find quite complex logical tasks with answers on the official website of periodic puzzles. New assignments appear monthly. The answer is published a few days after the question. Periodicals NSA Puzzle was launched only last year, which means that a collection consisting of more than 12 puzzles is already available.
Blue eyes
It is very interesting to work on solving a difficult puzzle for several days or even weeks. The most challenging logic challenge in the world called Blue Eyes will suit patient people. According to XKCD, the best web platform for geeks, it develops logical, mathematical and lateral thinking.
The creator of the puzzle heard it by accident and published it on the Internet . However, he did not even use words. To find the key to solving it, you need to read the riddle, retell it and try to mentally find the answer to it . The most difficult logical task in the world is very exciting, it takes all your free time.
“Friday Puzzle 101”, or Richard Wiseman’s 101 Puzzle
A professional psychologist named Richard Wiseman has become an Internet celebrity thanks to his channel on Youtube video hosting. He publishes various illusions, tricks, and more on it. On Fridays, a man shares in his blog another puzzle or riddle. To solve them, it is necessary to combine linear, lateral and creative thinking. Famous matches puzzles, as well as other puzzles and tasks based on images can be found in the psychologist's blog.
Logic Labyrinths, or Robert Abbot Puzzles
Robert Abbot is a programmer, logician, and game developer. Fame came to him after the publication of "Logical Labyrinths", which are available for free. The essence of this puzzle is to go through a maze with the given rules.
The very first game, by the way, the simplest one, called Easy Maze 1, must be overcome without turning left.
What are puzzles and logical tasks for?
Puzzles and various logical tasks have several positive qualities. Firstly, they train the human brain, secondly, it is very interesting to solve them, and thirdly, they allow you to develop certain character traits in yourself.
How useful can puzzles be for children?
- They develop perseverance in restless guys.
- They train problem solving skills.
- Perseverance is another quality that puzzles develop in children. After all, as you know, puzzles are difficult to solve the first time, for this you need to be patient.
- Hand coordination and fine motor skills are improved when it comes to puzzles like the Rubik 's Cube .
Of course, all the most important character traits are laid in children at an early age, and logical tasks greatly contribute to this. However, they are useful for adults who have long graduated from school . The brain needs to be trained just like the body.
- In order for brain cells to age more slowly and less, it is necessary to regularly arrange procedures for them to “rejuvenate”, namely, to allocate time for solving puzzles.
- Logic tasks stimulate thought processes. Answers to the most difficult life questions will come much faster if you regularly train your brain.
- An increase in serotonin levels occurs. This improves mood, but most importantly - the blood vessels that nourish the brain begin to renew.
- Memory improves. With age, there are problems with remembering dates, names , affairs. Crosswords, puzzles and logic tasks are best suited to develop memory.