Urinalysis is one of the studies that help diagnose a person’s condition. As a rule, it is aimed at identifying deviations in the functioning of the kidneys and the genitourinary system. The study of physical properties, chemical, microscopy of the residue - all this includes a general analysis of urine. How to assemble it correctly? Consider all the nuances.
General urine analysis. How to assemble?
The correctness of the collection of material directly affects the result. There are frequent cases when it is very difficult to diagnose a disease due to the fact that the result of the analysis is distorted by flaws during its collection. To prevent this, you must adhere to a number of simple rules:
- A general clinical analysis of urine involves the collection of an exclusively morning portion of urine, which should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.
- Collect material in a sterile container with a tightly screwed lid. Optimum - a sterile plastic container, which is sold in a pharmacy. It will also be useful to sign the date of delivery and the name of the patient on the container.
- Before collecting urine, the genitals should be washed, women should cover the entrance to the vagina with a cotton pad so that the discharge does not fall into the container with the material.
- The first few drops of urine do not need to be collected.
- Women several days before, during and several days after menstruation are not recommended to take an analysis to avoid getting vaginal discharge.
General urine analysis. How to collect in infants?
Often, for parents of babies, collecting a urine test is a problem. With boys, the situation is relatively simple - you just have to wait and substitute the jar on time. For girls, I have to go to a number of tricks. So, for example, you can put a liner under the child by installing a container in the recess. After some time, the baby will certainly go to the toilet, and urine will collect in a jar. In addition, you can use special children's urinals, which are easy to purchase at the pharmacy. Using such means, parents of the baby will not be difficult to pass an analysis. And its results will not be distorted, which would inevitably happen when receiving urine by twisting the diapers or in any other way.
The norm of indicators of the general analysis of urine
Consider the main indicators:
- Color - from amber to straw yellow.
- Transparency. Clear urine is normal .
- Relative density - 1008-1025 g / l. The indicator characterizes the concentration in the urine of soluble substances (salts, urea, electrolytes).
- Urine PH - 5.0-7.0. It may vary depending on the diet, physical activity.
- Protein in the urine is one of the main diagnostic indicators. The norm is its absence or concentration up to 0.1 g / l.
- Bilirubin in the urine is absent in a normal state.
- White blood cells - up to 5 in the field of view.
- Red blood cells - single cells may be present in the sediment.
- Bacteria - normally absent or present in small quantities.
It should be noted that the above indicators are average values, while specific norms vary depending on the gender and age of the person. In addition, for pregnant women, a general urine test, which we examined earlier, has special transcripts. Thus, a full interpretation of the results of the study, taking into account the age and clinical condition of a person, can be given only by a competent specialist.