SNiP “Fire Safety of Buildings and Structures” was adopted by the Decree issued by the Ministry of the Russian Federation, dated February 13, nineteen nine hundred and ninety-seven. Currently, its new edition, approved on July 19, two thousand and two, is in effect.
SNiP "Fire Safety" was developed taking into account the recommendations given by international organizations in the field of regulation and standardization. This document is one of the fundamental acts in the construction industry.
SNiP "Fire Safety" provides the requirements for protection against fires, which must be observed. Deviations from these norms are possible only in those cases when their description is stated with the proviso “as a rule”, as well as listing the conditions under which their application is possible.
SNiP "Fire Safety" from the first of January, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight, established general requirements that relate to the protection of all construction projects. These standards apply to all stages of construction, as well as the operation of structures and buildings. It contains this legislative act and fire-technical breakdown of objects and their individual elements, as well as rooms and their parts, materials and structures into separate categories.
There are a number of other normative acts approved in the established legal procedure. They contain additions and changes, as well as clarification of the provisions established by SNiP norms. These documents take into account the functional principles and specifics of protection against fire in certain categories of engineering equipment, individual rooms, as well as buildings in general.
Construction sites should be planned taking into account the adoption of constructive as well as space-planning decisions, which are obliged in the event of a fire to provide the opportunity:
- carrying out the evacuation of people, regardless of their physical capabilities and age, to the territory adjacent to the building until the threat to their health and life becomes obvious, the probability of which is due to the impact of negative factors caused by the emergency;
- save people;
- providing access to the source of fire, as well as the supply of extinguishing agents to a dangerous place;
- the implementation of various actions aimed at saving people and property, preventing the spread of fire on nearby buildings;
- the lowest possible value of indirect and direct material losses, including the object itself and its contents.
SNiP "Fire Safety" approves the norms of construction work, which should guarantee the provision of:
- priority implementation of measures aimed at protecting against fire (these works should be provided for by project documentation developed in accordance with applicable standards and approved in accordance with the procedure established by legislative acts);
- compliance with fire safety standards, as well as fire protection for facilities under construction, as well as auxiliary facilities and buildings;
- the availability and working condition of the means designed to combat fire;
- the possibility of carrying out safe evacuation of construction site personnel, as well as the protection of material resources located on it.
"Fire safety" SNiP and approves operating standards. According to this regulatory document should:
- to provide the necessary maintenance of the facility and support in working condition of all fire protection equipment in strict accordance with technical and design documentation;
- not allow changes in structural forms, space-planning, as well as engineering solutions without the development of design documentation:
- when carrying out repair work, do not use materials and structural elements that do not meet the requirements of current standards;
- develop measures for fire protection of construction sites, taking into account the technical capabilities of the Ministry of Emergencies and their location.