In the modern rhythm of life, less and less time is left to control and maintain their health. Chronic fatigue, stress and other factors affect the work of all organs and the cardiovascular system. She, in turn, is responsible for the lymphatic and blood vessels, which perform one of the key functions in the human body. Angiology is the science of the circulatory system, and it will be discussed in the article below.
Description
This section of medicine specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all blood and lymph vessels and diseases associated with them, studies the structure and purpose of each artery, the causes of their disease. Angiology is a medical field that also defines symptoms, treatment methods, and preventive methods for preventing blood vessel disease.
After the examination and on the basis of the obtained analyzes, the angiologist is able to assess the condition of the human arterial system and prescribe therapeutic, surgical or combined treatment.
Origin
Until the twentieth century, the treatment of blood vessels was considered a very complex, and sometimes impossible process. The only possible operation was performed for suturing wounds and embolectomy. Only after the opening of the X-ray examination of blood vessels there was a clear breakthrough in this area, doctors began to apply cosmetic and reconstructive operations of veins and blood vessels.
In 1985, the journal Angiology and Vascular Surgery began to be published in Russia and a society of angiologists was created under the guidance of Professor A. V. Pokrovsky. It is thanks to him that the development and formation of angiology as a science is noted in the country. Scientists, together with other specialists, developed the first vascular prosthesis, which as a result helped to improve the capabilities of surgery in this area and put prosthetics into practice.
Subject of study
The vascular system is divided into the circulatory and lymphatic, including the bone marrow, heart, blood and lymph vessels and nodes, the spleen.
It is this system that is responsible for the well-being and natural functioning of all organs. Her condition depends on the tone - weakened and less elastic vessels perform their work worse.
Angiology is a science whose subject of study are the following diseases:
- atherosclerosis - a disease of large blood vessels;
- aneurysm - protrusion of an arterial wall, vein or heart;
- anemia - low hemoglobin;
- thrombosis - the formation of blood clots in the vessels;
- lymphostasis - abnormal outflow of lymph;
- angiopathy;
- phlebeurysm;
- various vascular injuries;
- embolism - blockage of blood vessels.
How are vascular diseases manifested?
The defeat of any vessel will mainly affect the functioning of the organ, the blood supply of which will be impaired. Pain will occur, especially during moments of activity. In addition, the occurrence of muscle weakness and decreased sensitivity. In more complex cases, trophic ulcers form, especially for varicose veins, aneurysms, and phlebitis.
With vascular diseases leading to the brain, there is a deterioration in vision, and sometimes speech, dizziness, and attacks of severe headaches.
Poor blood access to a particular site is manifested by a pale or cyanotic color of the skin in the affected area.
Such pathologies are handled by angiology and vascular surgery.
Angiology and Diagnostics
Diagnosis in the field of vascular disorders is based on a study of clinical symptoms. It is carried out using modern medical equipment. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to determine with high accuracy the localization of pathology and the degree of development of the disease.
In some cases, the doctor decides to perform an operation based on the results of an angiological diagnosis. Most often this is the removal of blood clots in blood vessels. Such surgical intervention is the prevention of a possible stroke or heart attack. Angiology is a field of medicine that directly affects the restoration of the vital functions of blood vessels.
Science in Pediatric Surgery
Cases of revealing angiological pathologies in children are not excluded. This is due to a genetic predisposition or impaired intrauterine development. Since angiology is the anatomy of the vascular system of the human body, the possibilities of modern medicine make it possible to identify diseases even at the stage of fetal development or in the first months after birth.
Generally called vascular dysplasia, these diseases include:
- malformations of varying degrees;
- cyst formation;
- hemangioma;
- the formation of a tumor in the vessels.
In some cases, angiological pathology can be cured without medical intervention, in some it is life-threatening for the child. After examination, the attending physician decides which treatment method to start. As a rule, surgery is well tolerated by children, without complications.
Ultrasound angiology
If we talk about ultrasound angiology, then its main task is a kind of scanning of the vascular system of the body. Ultrasound is widely used in medicine and allows one hundred percent accuracy to identify the place with the ongoing pathological process, to determine the degree of damage and the condition of the lymphatic and blood vessels.
After the procedure, the specialist assesses the state of the entire arterial system of the body, determining:
- the thickness of the walls of blood vessels in one place or another;
- the presence of various formations in the vessels;
- violation of patency.
This diagnostic method is absolutely painless with all its effectiveness. It is used to determine the further direction of treatment or urgent surgical intervention.
Many pathologies of the human vascular system contribute to improper blood circulation, as a result of which various diseases develop. Ultrasound examination allows you to identify all these pathologies.
Clinical angiology
Despite the fact that clinical angiology is a relatively new branch of medicine, this area is well studied. Surgeons working in this direction can perform surgical treatment of any complexity of all types of vascular pathologies. For treatment, both proven experience and the latest methods are used:
- ultrasound diagnostics;
- operational method;
- Ultravascular
- angioplasty.
The most difficult treatment concerns cerebral vessels, it is the pathological processes that occur in them that lead to high mortality. Nevertheless, scientists and researchers in the field of medicine practice daily to improve equipment and knowledge to carry out complex brain operations.
Vascular disease
Diseases of the vascular system are mainly divided into arterial and venous pathologies, which are involved in angiology and vascular surgery.
The following violations are quite common among them:
- Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disease in which antibodies produced by the body affect phospholipids. As a result of this, thrombosis appears in the arteries and veins, less often the pathology of intrauterine development.
- Anemia is a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, which, in turn, is responsible for the saturation of organs with oxygen.
- Raynaud's disease is a vascular disease characterized by bilateral lesions of the terminal arteries, mainly the fingers.
- Varicose veins - expansion or a multiple increase in veins.
- Systemic vasculitis is a disease associated with inflammation of the vessel wall; during progression, it can affect healthy organs or tissues.
- Obliterating endarteritis is a chronic disease in which arteries of the lower extremities are affected. They gradually narrow, until the circulation of blood stops. As a result, the tissue dies, which leads to gangrene.
- Thrombosis, thrombophlebitis - the occurrence and inflammation of a blood clot in a vessel that interferes with the normal movement of blood.
- Lymphostasis is a pathology of the outflow of lymph, leading to swelling and damage to the skin with ulcers.
- Diabetic angiopathy is a lesion of small arterial as well as large vessels due to the development of diabetes.
To exclude the appearance of vascular diseases, you need to monitor your weight, diet, reduce to a minimum or stop drinking alcohol, move more and play sports. Products such as beans, vegetables, berries, pears help strengthen blood vessels. It is necessary to undergo a medical examination annually in order to start treatment as soon as possible if necessary.