Individual educational routes in Kindergarten began to be used after the new Federal state standards were introduced into the domestic system of preschool education. The process of education and training is more oriented to the average development of the child. That is why not every baby has the opportunity to fully realize their creative abilities.
Example
An individual educational route helps to identify gifted and talented children, creating optimal conditions for their self-development. The teacher gets a real opportunity for the implementation of a personality-oriented approach to the development of preschool children, which is an obligatory element of the Federal State Educational Standards of DOO. An example of the design of an individual route is presented in the photo.
Definition
An individual educational route is a certain way of revealing the baby’s personal potential in learning and education. In kindergarten, such conditions are created that fully contribute to the acquisition of positive social experience and the formation of a civic position.
Tasks
An individual educational route for a preschooler is designed to solve the following problems:
- create a positive objective and developing environment for the socialization of the younger generation;
- to form a unified system of work for teaching staff, administration, medical staff, parents on the social and personal development of a preschooler;
- choose the communication style of the pupil and the teacher on a confidential, friendly basis;
- create optimal conditions for improving the positive attitude of the preschooler to himself, to people around him;
- formation of a child's communicative and social competence.
The teacher should develop self-esteem in his students.
The individual educational route of the preschooler allows you to instill into each child tolerance, respect for the historical and cultural traditions of his people.
Important aspects
The kid is aware of his freedoms and rights. An individual educational route of a child of a preschool educational institution is determined by the needs and requirements of parents, a state order, as well as the possibilities of a preschool educational institution, and individual characteristics of the baby himself.
Using the right to choose toys, friends, actions, a preschooler gets his first experience in social communication.
Creation options
An individual educational route is developed in the following situations:
- for kids who do not learn the basic educational program of preschool education;
- for preschoolers who have health restrictions, as well as for children with disabilities.
The teacher also selects special programs for gifted and talented kids.
Directions
The individual educational route includes some areas:
- improvement of fine motor skills of fingers and hands;
- the formation of social, communicative, cultural, hygienic skills;
- development of ideas about time, space;
- creation of speech functions, sensorimotor mechanism, intonation in speech.
Thanks to the inclusion in the routes of game, subject-practical, sensory activity, kids acquire skills in creating applications, sculpting various objects, and drawing.
The individual educational route makes it possible to form ideas among the younger generation about social relations and the features of the objective world.
Methods used in the work
In order to realize the tasks, the teacher uses certain methods and techniques in his professional activity. The individual educational route is built on the basis of the following methods:
- games, conversations, reading artworks, theatrical studies aimed at the formation of emotions and feelings in kids;
- management and training aimed at the development of behavioral and emotional-personal spheres.
This approach allows the educator to develop the communication skills of the preschooler. Communicating with peers, the child increases self-confidence, improves relationships with other people, relieves fears, reduces aggression, and improves self-esteem.
How to create an individual educational route? The sample is presented in the teaching room of the DOU. The teacher includes isotherapy, puppet therapy, fairy tale therapy, special exercises to relax the muscles of the neck, arms, legs, face, in the individual trajectory of the child.
In the process of developing an individual route, the teacher relies on the following principles:
- reliance on the learning ability of a preschooler;
- correlation of the level of development with the formation of new skills;
- compliance with the desires and interests of the preschooler;
- the interaction of a team of specialists for the diagnosis of ZUN pupil;
- accompanying the baby throughout his stay in kindergarten;
- refusal to focus on the average child.
Before making an individual route for the child, the teacher, together with the child psychologist, conducts a special diagnosis. Early identification of gifted and talented children allows teachers to promptly adjust their educational path for them and create optimal conditions for self-development.
Thanks to the rejection of the average upbringing, each preschooler has a real opportunity to live a full childhood, to acquire norms, traditions of existence in society.
Design steps
When creating an individual educational route, the following stages can be distinguished:
- observation;
- diagnostics;
- construction;
- implementation;
- final diagnosis.
The purpose of the observation is to identify a group of children who experience cognitive, regulatory, personality, psychomotor, communicative problems. The teacher records the results of the observations in the table.
The diagnostic phase is necessary to identify the causes of difficulties found in preschoolers. At the design stage, the construction of an individual educational route for each kid is carried out. As part of the design, the teacher takes into account the difficulties that were identified in the diagnostic process.
A ready-made route can be implemented in different types of activities, at any time period. Since the main type of activity in preschool age is role-playing, the teacher uses the “mailbox” pedagogical method when implementing an individual route. The teacher puts letters in it, each of which is intended for a particular child, contains “secret tasks”.
The final element of the route is the identification of the results. The teacher evaluates the development of social competence, communication skills, self-esteem. Based on the results of psychological tests, a decrease in anxiety, the formation of independent work skills are assessed.
Conclusion
Currently, an individual approach to each baby is a basic principle of the Federal State Educational Standard of preschool education. It is laid in the basic foundation of Russian preschool education. Only taking into account the characteristics of each child, building individual educational paths for each pupil, the teacher will be able to fulfill the order of the state - to form a harmoniously developed personality.