In terms of reproduction, a man plays a very important role in forming a family. Over the past few decades, contraceptive methods have been primarily targeted at women. However, recently, male contraception has become increasingly popular, especially in cases where the life partner is not ready to take contraceptives or if her health condition does not allow her to do this.
Methods of protection for men are aimed at suppressing spermatogenesis, the maturation of male genital gametes. Some methods of contraception prevent male gametes from entering the female genital organs.
How to protect against unwanted pregnancy? So, an unwanted pregnancy can be prevented with the help of such methods of contraception for men: mechanical - using a condom; behavioral - abstinence from ejaculation, interrupted intercourse and, finally, surgical - vasectomy.
Contraception for men should be no less effective than women, these drugs must act very quickly, have no side effects, and do not affect potency and offspring. It should not be forgotten that such agents or preparations should be readily available and cheap.
Contraception for Men: Surgical Method
The essence of the operation is to block the vas deferens. Before the operation, the doctor will make sure that the patient understands the consequences and meaning of the operation. The specialist should tell the patient that this method of contraception does not protect against HIV and STIs, so a condom should be used as an additional method of contraception. Vasectomy does not affect potency. A fertility recovery operation does not always end successfully. It should also be noted that fertility restoration operations are quite expensive. A vasectomy is a fairly simple procedure that is performed under local anesthesia (takes about half an hour). However, there are contraindications to this manipulation: inguinal hernia, diabetes mellitus.
To carry out this operation, you can use three options:
- In the first embodiment, the vas deferens are fixed, the surgical site is infiltrated with a 1% anesthetic solution (procaine). The skin and muscle layer are cut above the vas deferens, the vas deferens are ligated (bandaged) and transected. The segments are cauterized.
- In the second version, the ducts intersect without dressing, are cauterized to a depth of one and a half centimeters. After that, the crossed ends are closed.
- In the third version, the vas deferens are punctured, not cut. After anesthesia, a special annular clamp is applied to the vas deferens without opening the skin. After this, the skin and walls of the ducts are cut, then the ducts are isolated, and occlusion is performed.
Contraception for men: physical methods
Spermatogenesis can be blocked using ultrasound. A significant drawback of this method is that irreversible processes develop in the tissues. The synthesis of male sex gametes is also adversely affected by heat. An increase in body temperature inhibits spermatogenesis.
Contraception for men, the use of hormones
Bioactive compounds (hormones) inhibit the synthesis of luteotropic and follicle-stimulating hormones, activate the formation of intra testicular testosterone. Hormonal contraception can not be used for severe diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver and kidney diseases, for mental illness and malignant tumors, oligozoospermia.
Contraception for men: immunological method.
Research in this area is aimed at creating an anti-fertile vaccine that would be highly effective and not cause side effects.