What are the functions of the tibia minor and tibia? Where is each of them located? How do they connect?
The first (tibia) bone is located medially.
The severity of the entire body is transmitted to the support area along the vertical (mechanical) axis of the entire leg. The tibia connects to the thigh bone through the knee joint. The axis of the lower limb vertically passes through the center of the knee joint to the center of the ankle joint. The tibia of the leg carries the weight of the whole body, which leads to its large (compared to small) thickness.
Sometimes there is a deviation to the lateral or medial side, which entails a change in the angle between the lower leg and thigh. With pronounced deviations, an “x-shaped” or “o-shaped” shape of the legs is observed.
The pineal gland (proximal edge) forms two (lateral and medial) condyles. On the side facing the thigh, they have slightly concave articular sites that perform a connective function. Separation of the articular surfaces of the condyles is carried out by elevation with two tubercles. At the front and rear end of the elevation is one small hole. The surface of the joints is surrounded by a thickened edge (a trace from the attachment of the joint capsule). The front surface of the bone has a very massive rough convexity - the site of attachment of the tendon (in the form of a patellar ligament) of the quadriceps muscle. The posterolateral part of the lateral condyle includes a small flat surface (the site of attachment of the fibular bone head). The body consists of the anterior, medial and lateral faces, between which are the posterior, medial and lateral surfaces. In this case, the sharpest (front) face and the medial surface are clearly felt through the skin. On the medial side of the lower distal end (pineal gland) there is a strong process (medial ankle), behind which there is a flat groove. At the lateral end of the distal edge is a notch where the small and large tibia are connected. Devices for adjoining the skeleton of the foot are on the lower edge.
The second (small, thin and long, with thickened ends) tibia is located laterally in the tibia. The proximal (upper) pineal gland forms the head. Through the flat round surface of the joint, it adjoins the literal tibial condyle. The top of the head is a protrusion located somewhat to the side and back from this surface. The trihedral shape of the bone body is somewhat twisted along the entire longitudinal axis. The distal (lower) pineal gland has a thickening and forms a lateral (with a smooth surface of the joint) ankle.
Fractures of the condyles (intraarticular lesions) of the tibia.
As a rule, they occur when the tibia deviates inward or outward, or when it falls on straight legs. There are fractures of the internal and external condyle. Intra-articular injuries may be associated with damage to the ligamentous apparatus in the knee joint, menisci, intercondylar eminence, fibular head, etc.
Fractures are accompanied by an increase in the volume of the joint, while the limb is slightly bent. There is a deviation of the tibia outward (with damage to the external condyle) or inward (with damage to the internal condyle). In the condylar region, the transverse dimension is significantly increased. There is also a lack of active movements in the joint, including the inability to raise the leg in a straightened state. With passive movements, sharp pain occurs. In some cases, damage to the external condyle is accompanied by damage to the neck or fibula. In this case, nerve damage can be observed, which is detected by a violation of the sensitivity and motor function of the foot.