Not just that in all textbooks on the Russian language and literature you can find the phrase: "The Russian language is beautiful and rich." Of course, there is evidence for this, and quite substantial. Firstly, in the Russian language there is a huge amount of expressive means that adorn speech, make it so melodic. Russian writers and poets generously add various paths to their works. They need to be able to see and distinguish. Then the work will sparkle with new colors. Often, using expressive means, authors focus readers on specific things, evoke certain emotions, or help them understand how to relate to the characters. One such technique is concurrency. It is divided into several types and is used for different purposes. This article will analyze what parallelism is, using examples of literary works.
What is concurrency?
According to the Great Encyclopedic Dictionary, concurrency is a similar arrangement of speech elements in adjacent parts of a text. Translated from Greek, this word means "location nearby."
It is easy to conclude that this technique was known to the Greeks and was widely used in rhetoric, was the subject of its study. In general, parallelism is a characteristic feature of ancient literature. In Russian, examples of parallelism are very common in folklore. Moreover, in many ancient works this was the basic principle of constructing stanzas.
Types of Concurrency
There are several forms of parallelism that are found most often in the literature.
Concurrency thematic. In this case, a comparison of phenomena that are similar in content occurs.
Syntactic concurrency. In this case, sentences in order are constructed according to one syntactic principle. For example, in several consecutive sentences, the same order of arrangement of the main members is observed.
Sound concurrency. This technique is characteristic of poetic speech and is often found in poetic works. The poem finds its melody and sound.
But in order to understand what each species means, it is better to deal with examples of parallelism.
Syntactic concurrency
As already mentioned at the beginning of the article, Russian literary works are rich in various means that make speech more expressive. Therefore, it is worth analyzing examples of syntactic parallelism from the literature. This technique is found in the poems of M. Yu. Lermontov.
One of these poems is “When a Yellowing Cornfield is Excited.”
Then my soul’s humility is humbled,
Then the wrinkles on the brow diverge, -
And happiness I can comprehend on earth
And in heaven I see God ...
The first two lines observe the same order of the main members of the proposal. First comes the predicate, followed by the subject. And again: the predicate, the subject. Moreover, very often parallelism occurs together with anaphora or epiphora. And this poem is just that case. At the beginning of sentences identical elements are repeated. And anaphora is a repetition of identical elements at the beginning of each sentence / line.
Thematic parallelism. Examples from fiction
This type of expressive means is perhaps the most common. In both prose and poetry one can see various comparisons of phenomena. A particularly common example of parallelism is a comparison of the states of nature and man. For clarity, you can refer to the poem of N. A. Nekrasov "Uncompressed strip." The poem is a dialogue of ears of corn and wind. And it is through this dialogue that the fate of the plowman becomes known.
He knew why he sowed and sowed,
Yes, I could not do the job.
Poor poor man - neither eats nor drinks,
A worm sucks his sick heart,
Hands that brought these furrows
Dried to a sliver, hung like loops ...
Sound concurrency
Examples of sonic parallelism can be sought not only in fiction. He found a very good use in the modern world. Namely - in television and radio broadcasting.
By repeating parts of speech or individual parts of a word, various effects can be created that affect listeners. Indeed, a person very often associates acoustic representations with semantic ones. This is used by advertising. Perhaps everyone noticed how well the advertising slogans are remembered. They are interesting, unusual, but most importantly - they sound good. And it is this sound that falls into memory. Having heard the advertising slogan once, it is difficult to forget it. It is strongly associated with a particular product.
Negative concurrency
Separately, mention should be made of the examples of negative parallelism. Everyone definitely came across him on a school bench. This example of parallelism is common in Russian, especially in poetry. And this technique came from folk songs and firmly entrenched in poems.
The winds do not rustle cold
Not quicksands run,
Once again grief rises
Like an evil black cloud ...
(Folk song of the twelfth century).
And there are many such examples in Russian folklore. It is not surprising that writers began to use this technique in their works.
These were the four most common types of concurrency that are found in fiction and more. Basically, as can be seen from the examples, they are used to make some impression on the reader / listener. Arouse certain feelings or associations in him. This is especially important for poetry, where most often only images are used, but nothing is said directly. And parallelism allows you to make these images even brighter. It can also add melody to the timing, which will make them more memorable. And, as can be seen from the examples, artistic techniques are not only a feature of classical literature. On the contrary, they are alive and are still in use. Only in a new way.