The economic activity of any company begins with the formation of production resources. To find out what resources are, they must first be classified as follows:
- objects of labor (working capital);
- means of labor (basic);
- labor resources.
Some economists still allocate information resources as a component of production.
Items of labor belonging to the category of “production resources” are used in various production cycles, while they retain their natural form and in parts transfer their value to the manufactured product as they wear out.
According to the functions and purpose, fixed assets are divided into non-production and production.
The latter type includes the means of labor, which participate directly in production, create conditions for normal work and serve to move and store objects of labor. The cost of fixed assets as they are used is transferred in parts to the manufactured products.
Non-productive assets indirectly relate to production. They are usually on the balance sheet of the enterprise and are used to meet the cultural and domestic needs of people. This category includes clubs, kindergartens, hospitals, canteens, buildings, etc. They usually make up about 20 percent of the fixed assets of an enterprise, without taking part in production and without transferring the cost to the final product. Their reproduction and maintenance is carried out at the expense of the organization’s profit.
Depending on the natural characteristics and purpose, production resources (fixed assets) of the company are divided into the following types:
- Buildings and buildings. This group includes production buildings, offices, warehouses, garages, roads, fences, overpasses, engineering and construction structures designed to create conditions for production.
- Transmission devices include pipelines, communication lines, power lines.
- Equipment and machines, including computer technology, laboratory equipment and measuring devices.
- Vehicles.
- Household, industrial equipment and tools.
- Perennial plantings.
- Working and productive cattle.
Productive resources: current assets
Resources in the form of objects of labor provide the current work of the enterprise. Working capital allows you to ensure continuity of production, and circulation funds are involved in the sale of finished products on the market.
Revolving funds include the following: inventories (fuel, raw materials, containers, spare parts), work in progress. This includes objects of labor at various stages of processing in production. Semi-finished products of their own manufacture are production resources, the processing of which is completed only at a certain stage. The expenses of the future period include the costs of the development and preparation of new products, invention, innovation and other needs, which are included in the cost of goods of future periods.
Productive resources: personnel
The labor resources include all employees of the enterprise who perform various production or financial functions. Depending on the participation in the production, all personnel are divided into two types: industrial production and non-industrial.
The first type includes workers directly related to production or services. This group includes specialists, managers, employees and workers.
Non-industrial personnel include labor production resources of the enterprise that are not directly related to production. These are employees of the enterprise’s medical institutions for children, housing and communal services.