The second largest lake in the European part of Russia is Onega. The first place in the area rightfully belongs to Ladoga. 20% of the surface of Lake Onega is located within two constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Vologda and Leningrad regions). And its main part is territorially owned by Karelia. About 50 watercourses feed the lake, and the discharge is carried out only through the Svir River. It is located in the river basin. Not you. Svir is known for combining the two largest reservoirs in Europe.
Title
Onega is the second largest lake in the European part of Russia. Its name has its origins. The letters that survived to this day carried him as "Onego." The exact meaning of the word is unknown, but there are 3 versions of how it happened:
- A. Shegren suggested that the name takes its roots from the Finnish word, the meaning of which is “sound”, “voice”. According to the historian, the pond was considered noisy, and so they called it.
- Prof. A. Pogodin expressed the version that the toponym came from the Sami word, which translates as “sand”. It is possible that the name of the reservoir means "plain in the lowland."
- Domestic scientist I. Mullonen believes that the toponym has roots in several languages. Presumably in Sami and Finnish. The consonant words he found have the following interpretation: significant, large.
Description
The second largest lake in the European part of Russia and all of Europe has an elongated shape in the direction of SE - NW. The length and width of this water body are 220 and 86 km, respectively. Lake Onega is located in a lowland; its height above sea level is 33 m.
The southern shores are fairly flat, and the northern ones are known for many narrow and deep bays. Due to this, the length of the boundaries of the lake increases significantly, reaching a value of 1.28 thousand km.
The northern and western shores of the reservoir are covered by forest. On the south side it is replaced by lowlands and swamps. The east coast is heterogeneous. If its northern part consists of hard rocks, then sands come to their place in the south.
Bays
Onega is the second largest lake in the European part of Russia. This is a well-known fact. It, by analogy with Ladoga, has a very rugged coastline of the northern and northeastern end. There are a large number of islands, bays and peninsulas.
The largest among them are found between Povenets and Petrozavodsk:
- Kondopazhskaya Bay, 30 km.
- Petrozavodsk Bay, 18 km.
- Lizhemskaya Bay, 35 km.
- Unitskaya Bay, 45 km. It contains many islands that make up the archipelago.
- The Great Lip, 20 km.
- Gulf of Povenets. Thanks to him, the Zaonezhye Peninsula was formed.
Climate
The body of water is located near the Baltic and White Seas, which leads to collisions of air masses above it from the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic. Thunderstorms and strong winds, showers and thaws come from the east. Northern air brings frosts in August-September, as well as harsh winters.
In what month does the second largest lake in the European part of Russia freeze ? Grade 4 knows the answer to this question. The ice crust is fully formed from November to December. Snow cover is established in October-November and lasts until the end of April. The indicated dates are extended due to the large extent of the lake. In the south, the duration of winter is slightly less than in the north.
The summer period on the lake is short. It lasts from June to September. The sun almost never warms the air to a thirty-degree mark. Autumn is a period of bad weather: it rains regularly, strong winds blow, and sometimes frosts occur.
The highest and lowest temperatures near the lake: +34 and -48 ºC. February is the coldest month of the year, then the air cools down on average to -10 ºC. July, on the contrary, is the warmest. At this time, outside the window is approximately +16 ºC. Cold and warm air currents, which alternately dominate the region, cause sharp temperature changes. In the first month of the year you can observe -41 and +5 ºC, and in July the thermometer can read +33 and -2 ºC.
The second largest lake in the European part of Russia has a large number of islands (16.5 thousand), the bulk of which are confined to its northern part.
Big Klimetsky island
It is the largest on the lake. It is located northeast of Petrozavodsk, 41 km from the city. The size of the land is 30 × 8 km. The Big Klimetsky island is one of the most picturesque in Karelia.
The second largest lake in the European part of Russia is fraught with many phenomena that cannot be explained:
- Repeatedly on the island, people disappeared who appeared after a couple of hours or days with memory lapses.
- “Collapsed spaces” is a phenomenon in which a person can literally get lost where it is impossible.
- In some areas, strange sounds and voices are heard and soil vibration is felt.
- People who have lived here for many decades claim to have seen unidentified flying objects, “witch lights” and ghosts wandering in the forest.
Kizhi island
The second largest lake in the European part of Russia has another large island - Kizhi. The fame is given to him by the architectural ensemble, which consists of a bell tower and two churches.
At the end of the 20th century, Kizhi Pogost was included in the list of UNESCO sites.
The coast and the vast body of water, wonderful nature and unique historical monuments attract many travelers here. The second largest lake in the European part of Russia has not left a single person indifferent.