The structure of the enterprise is the content and ratio of its internal links (laboratories, departments, sections, workshops, and other units) that make up a single object.
Scientists distinguish several of its types:
- general;
- production;
- organizational.
Consider them below in more detail.
The general structure of the enterprise is a combination of:
- non-productive (areas providing the life and livelihoods of employees - housing and communal services, canteens, kitchen factories, buffets, nurseries, kindergartens, medical units, motels, sports and training departments, and so on);
- production (sites, workshops and laboratories);
- management departments (middle and large managers).
Its formation is usually determined by the goals and policies of the organization.
The production structure of the enterprise includes workshops, sections, centers, laboratories in which the manufacturing process takes place, control verification and testing of products manufactured by the company. In addition, it includes departments that serve the main production and contain components, semi-finished products, materials and spare parts.
Factors that can affect the production structure of a company are as follows:
- nature of products;
- manufacturing technology;
- scale and volume of production;
- features of cooperation with other organizations;
- specialization of production within this company.
The organizational structure of the enterprise is a system that determines the content, interaction and subordination of all elements. Usually it concerns the sphere of management. Its elements are interconnected in a certain way, forming types of organizational structures of the enterprise:
- Linear arises between departments of all levels in management, when the head is administratively subordinate to another, occupying a higher position.
- Functional ties are distinguished by the fact that managers interact with each other based on the functions performed at all levels; there is no administrative subordination between them.
- Cross-functional systems exist between units at a single management level.
To achieve the success of the company in the market, continuous improvement of the organizational structure of the enterprise is necessary. To achieve this goal often requires a complete reorganization. In addition, the following measures are mandatory:
- the creation of a modern organizational management structure that is capable of operating efficiently in the Russian market;
- ensure prompt response to emerging environmental changes and implement strategic management that contributes to effective long-term work;
- exemption of the CEO from routine and daily work, which is associated with the organization of the functioning of the company;
- the establishment of rational relations between the steps and links of management at all levels;
- It is recommended to minimize the number of steps in the management structure;
- granting authority to resolve problems to the head of the unit, who has more complete information on all issues;
- increasing efficiency in decisions.
In order to strengthen management functions, it is necessary to implement:
- innovation groups;
- development departments that increase market flexibility and competitiveness.
In modern practice, the most often encountered is a complex enterprise system, that is, a combination of the types available and highlighted above that exist at different levels of company management.