The Russian language is very rich in various grammatical constructions, which differ not only in structure, but also in meaning. A significant place in this system belongs to the infinitive sentence, it is very productive for expressing one’s own thoughts. This form implies the absence of a subject, where the verb is a fairly independent unit in the text.
Different Learning Approaches
Qualifying infinitive sentences is quite difficult, so there are many different points of view on their structure. Scientists A. A. Potebnya, E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk, V. L. Georgieva conducted a lot of research, coming to the conclusion that such concepts are just another form of impersonal constructions. This makes sense, but they are not in a hurry to unite these groups.
A. A. Shakhmatov, E. I. Voinova and many other brilliant minds did not want to make such a decision, believing that the infinitive and impersonal sentences are two different types with their own system and structure. They cited a large number of arguments confirming this view of things.
Today, many philologists and linguists more broadly approach the study of this concept. It is accepted that infinitive one-compound sentences include those in which the verb acts as the main member.
Proposal structure
A construction with an infinitive first of all has a predicative core, that is, a part responsible for the categories of state, feelings. Moreover, these elements include a verb that acts as a dependent part.
G. A. Zolotova gives the concept of the term, believing that they include those whose subject looks like a verb in its initial form, which is in a semi-predictive form, and it contains an assessment of any action. For example, in combination - "Being here is unreasonable."
An example of infinitive sentences is another option: "Honey! What can you do about the situation where deciding something is stupid!" Judgments of this kind have a number of differences; they have both semantic and grammatical foundations.
It is possible to attribute a phrase similar in appearance to such a variant, in which the predicate has the meaning of activity, the latter is able to affect the state of the subject of the situation:
"Carry the package hard."
The speaker evaluates and then expresses his point of view. She leaves him with a certain emotional imprint.
Two-part offers
Infinitive sentences also include two-part sentences that have a predicative verb, and it is imperative that there is a subjective in the form of a nominative case (Child to play). Events of an orientation orientation act as a predicate, which provides a certain basis. That is, the following construction will be an example in this case: "The child began to play."
Structural type offers
Variants can also be infinitive, in which the main term is an independent verb, and it acts as a structure-forming element. As a result, a whole division appears among similar designs. It has its own characteristics, which are based on the fact that the predicative combination is one main member, and not several, as it was in the previous versions. It is important that the words that make up the sentence are influenced by the main verb, therefore they are dependent.
This type differs from impersonal judgments with the infinitive in that the former has a certain independence in the grammatical sense, that is, a change in a predicate does not depend on a change in other parts of the sentence. These words include, first of all - you want, wish, and others. Modal words may also be present - it is impossible and possible.
In such forms, the predicate plays the role of an active action, plus it expresses what is likely to happen, but only under specific conditions.
As a rule, in such a speech it is assumed that there is a specific person performing these actions. He does not need to be used in the proposal, nothing depends on it, the main thing is that he is, and he has his own separate position.
If the object is not used, then the reader guesses the meaning of its participation and availability. This often happens when the text refers to one person. To avoid excessive repetition, the authors use infinitive sentences with a structure-forming function.
Subjective position
Having a subjective position is very important in a sentence. He is responsible for what action is performed and by whom. This shows some two-component nature of this type of structure. That is, for example, if such a speech is built, then it should contain a person in the dative case and a predicative verb that will talk about the need for activity, it will encourage.
For example: "Keep silence for everyone."
Modality
There is a type of infinitive sentence where a specific medium of modality is predetermined, having some feelings for the described reality. However, for such options there is a common meaning consisting of an event in the future. It is important that the verb can express both the desired and the necessary, but most importantly - in relation to the future.
“I need to work” - serves as an optimal example, where it is clear that the essence is directed to activity, and also the need for this in the future tense is shown.
Modality type
Some forms of infinitive sentences have a specific possibility - they contain some kind of emotional coloring. It can be opportunity or probability, desire, unwillingness, expediency, impossibility and others.
The main part of the judgment, in truth, is aimed at reflecting precisely the meaning of necessity or desirability, of obligation. Such options are the most common. In the form of modality, sentences are also divided into narrative and interrogative.
Narratives are distinguished by the fact that they carry an event in themselves, and it will soon be completed, emphasize its possibility, necessity, importance or desirability. The use of the additive “not” particle is very common in them; it makes the opposite effect. ("I do not need to work"). We will deal with question types below.
There is still such a category of productions that have an existential meaning, and are often used in fairy tale texts. Its main feature is the presence of the verb "to be" in the form of an infinitive, respectively. It helps to design special offers that have the meaning of a state or property that is necessarily adorned with inevitability.
Mandatory in such cases is the presence of not only a modality of inevitability, but also a will, an incentive to a specific action, desirability and similar. Such a modality is capable of creating forms with an incentive or imperative meaning. Imperative species usually look like an order to action, have a strict and concise form, do not accept criticism and rejection.
The appearance of optative variants is still possible; grammatically, they differ in the presence of a “would” particle. That is, they are not very urgent. Most often, the words are addressed to the speaker himself, so he is the performer: "You need to play."
Interrogative sentences
Interrogative forms differ in that they carry the meaning of the probability of an action or its impossibility. It is important that the predicate will no longer be in the form of an infinitive, it will be a perfect verb.
Negative constructions
There are options that are not limited to one particle of “not”, often in their composition there are negative adverbs and pronouns, as well as derivatives from them.
It is important to understand this material, since it is a necessary base. To test your capabilities, replace the selected parts of sentences with infinitive turns of any type:
- I do not see her face. 2. He only ran forward, as he needed it. 3. Until dawn, the fire will rage. 4. I do not see opportunities in the future. 5. How do you know this information about him?
Replace parts of sentences with infinitive turns to objectively evaluate your knowledge. If the material is not understood, study it more carefully.