In the process of teaching, students have to complete many tasks, including preparing their own oral narrative on the topics set by the teacher. For example, it can be a small text about a pet or a retelling of a classic work. In order for everything to work out as it should, you should know how to draw up a story plan, which you must include in it. Our material will help to understand.
What it is
A plan is a collection of structural elements that will be present in the narrative itself, and the more detailed and detailed the list is, the easier it becomes to combine the elements together and recreate a coherent, long text. There are a lot of such “lists” to be compiled at school: detailed and short, citation and abstract, with the apparent complexity this form of work is very useful, as it contributes to a detailed study and memorization of the material.
Operating procedure
Consider how to make a story plan (grade 2) so that it reflects all the elements required by the teacher. There are several stages of work:
- Read the work itself.
- Define its main idea, as described in the text. What events are described by the author, how it begins and how the text ends.
- Divide the text into semantic parts (an example will be given later). Each of them should be complete in meaning.
- In the selected parts to designate the most important thing, the main actions of the characters.
- Repeated reading of each of the fragments, inventing a subheading and main (key) words for it. They should not be very many, it is quite enough to write out your own names and 2-3 most important nouns or adjectives.
- Detailed retelling.
This is the sequence of work that allows you to answer the question of how to correctly plan the story. Next, we give a concrete example, we will analyze the text from the program of the second class of L. N. Tolstoy's “Lion and dog”.
In London, wild animals were shown, and for watching, they took money or dogs and cats to feed wild animals.
One person wanted to look at the animals: he grabbed a little dog on the street and brought her to the menagerie. He was allowed to watch, and the little dog was taken and thrown into a cage to a lion for eating.
The little dog pulled its tail and snuggled into the corner of the cage. The lion went up to her and sniffed her.
The little dog lay on her back, raised her legs and began to wave her tail.
Leo touched her paw and turned it over.
The dog jumped up and stood in front of the lion on its hind legs.
Leo looked at the dog, turned his head from side to side and did not touch her.
When the owner threw the meat to the lion, the lion tore off a piece and left it to the dog.
In the evening, when the lion went to bed, the dog lay beside him and laid her head on his paw.
Since then, the dog lived in the same cage with a lion, the lion did not touch her, ate food, slept with her, and sometimes played with her.
Once the master came to the menagerie and recognized his little dog; he said that the dog was his own, and asked the owner of the menagerie to give him back. The owner wanted to give, but as soon as they began to call the dog to take it out of the cage, the lion bristled and growled.
So the lion and the dog lived all year in one cage.
A year later, the dog fell ill and died. The lion stopped eating, and sniffed everything, licked the dog and touched it with his paw.
When he realized that she was dead, he suddenly jumped up, bristled, began to whip himself with his tail on the sides, threw himself on the wall of the cage and began to gnaw the bars and the floor.
He fought all day, rushed about in a cage and roared, then lay down beside a dead dog and fell silent. The owner wanted to take the dead dog, but the lion did not allow anyone to approach her.
The owner thought that the lion would forget his grief if he was given another dog, and put a living dog in his cage; but the lion immediately tore it to pieces. Then he put his arms around the dead dog and lay there for five days.
On the sixth day, the lion died.
Topic Definition
After reading a short text, you should determine its theme, that is, say what the work says. This is not difficult - in the story of Tolstoy it is a lion and a small dog, their amazing friendship. The author with undisguised sympathy describes the lion's devotion to his unexpected friend.
Next, you need to identify how the text begins and ends:
- The beginning - for the sake of a joke, the master decides to throw his little dog in a cage with a predator. But unexpectedly for all, the lion did not tear the unfortunate one, but showed sympathy, then - sincerely attached to her.
- The end is the death of both animals.
Therefore, when retelling, it is important to ensure that you begin with a meeting, and end with the death of heroes.
The selection of semantic parts
Considering how to make a plan of the story, it is necessary to highlight several fragments in the text, each of which represents a complete story. They re-read the text, mark with a pencil where one of the author’s thoughts ended and another began. You can also determine the end of each semantic part by the appearance of new heroes or by the beginning of a new action.
In the story "The Lion and the Dog," we highlight the following fragments:
- Introduction - features of the zoos of the described time (the fee was charged by animals that went to feed the predators).
- The man wanted to look at wild animals and brought his dog.
- The animal was thrown into a lion's cage.
- The predator felt sorry for the poor man.
- The unexpected friendship of a lion and a dog.
- The owner is trying to return the pet. Terrible discontent of a predator.
- A year later, the dog fell ill and died.
- The lion refused food, grieved, did not accept another dog, which the owner gave him and soon died.
Thus, it turned out 8 parts, each of which is finished in meaning. After dividing the text, you should carefully re-read each part and think about whether it is necessary to highlight another “piece”.
Subtitles
Considering how to make a plan of the story, we came to the next stage of the work - to headline each of the fragments highlighted earlier. It should strive to ensure that the content is stated in 2-4 words. In our case, the following headers are obtained:
- The life of a London zoo.
- Cruel master.
- Dangerous meeting.
- A predator is kinder than humans.
- Strange friendship.
- Strong protects the weak.
- Disease and death of a dog.
- Despair and death of a lion.
It also turned out 8 subheadings, each of which represents a plan item. Using it, you can retell the text without any problems, since all the main events that Tolstoy described are presented in it.
Complex plan
Sometimes the task is complicated, for example, the structure may not be simple, but expanded. Consider how to plan the story in this case. At first, semantic parts are also distinguished, however, one or two of them should be further divided evenly. In the text “Lion and the Dog”, parts 3 and 8 can be worked out in more detail. When drawing up a retelling plan, these fragments, in turn, can be subdivided as follows:
3. A dangerous meeting.
- 3.1 Behavior of the dog (compressed into a corner, afraid, waved its tail).
- 3.2 The reaction of the predator (sniffed, touched, gave meat).
8. Despair and death of a lion.
- 8.1 The predator realized that his dog died.
- 8.2 Refusal of food, flour and torment.
- 8.3 Reaction to someone else’s doggie.
- 8.4 Death.
Such a detailed plan, of course, requires more careful preparation, however, retelling on it is much easier.
Main mistakes
Having considered how to make a plan of a story about an animal, we will analyze the main mistakes that schoolchildren can make. There are several of them:
- The selection of a very large or, conversely, a very small number of semantic parts.
- Violation of logic, rearrangement of parts in places.
- Lack of necessary components: entry, climax and denouement.
- Incorrect selection of headings for points. It is necessary to call the parts of the text in such a way that when reading the title, one immediately succeeds in recalling what is said in this fragment.
Competent and thoughtful work on the text, its repeated re-reading with a pencil in the hands will help to avoid these errors. Of course, the second grade is only the second stage of elementary school. There will be enough time for children to learn how to analyze a work, but the sooner you start, the better the result on the exam. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the work on drafting the text plan, it helps to single out the main thing and filter out insignificant details, trains thinking, logic and memory.
We examined how to make a story plan (Grade 2), what stages the work should consist of. If something doesn’t work the first time, don’t be discouraged, you have to work hard, and then the result will not be long in coming.