The Constituent Assembly is an elected body in some countries, which is usually convened to determine and establish the political system. He also determines the forms of administrative-territorial power and the rules of government, participates in the adoption of laws.
History of creation
In 1917, on November 12, the All-Russian Constituent Assembly was elected. It was convened the following year on January 5, the reason for this was the overthrow of the monarchy. But soon the All-Russian Executive Central Committee of Soviets dismissed it; subsequent attempts to convene this authority again were unsuccessful. This event further exacerbated the civil confrontation that was observed in the country.
What is a constituent assembly?
Such a meeting is a representative institution, which is based on universal suffrage to develop a code of laws (Constitution) and establish a form of government. In 1917, the slogan of this institution was supported by the Bolsheviks, the Cadets, the Mensheviks, the Socialist Revolutionaries, and representatives of many other state parties. For the Provisional Government, its convocation was the main task.
How did the convocation take place?
The constituent assembly was created by representatives of various parties. The voting results were as follows: only 25% of voters cast their votes for the Bolsheviks, and the Social Revolutionaries became the clear leaders - 59% of the vote. 5% of the citizens voted for the Cadets, and about 3% - for the Mensheviks. A meeting was held in Petrograd, in the Tauride Palace. It was attended by 410 deputies.
What is constituent assembly for?
The main tasks of the constituent assembly include the establishment of a state system, the definition of administrative-territorial authority, the development of new laws, and the creation of the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly in Russia is a kind of temporary acting authority. The source of his ideas was the legal quest of the medieval sages. The ancient authorities, which were similar to the constituent assembly, resolved many important issues, such as the election of kings or other members of the government, the creation and implementation of codes of laws, the solution of emerging problems of the state, as well as its individual areas and regions.
Dissolution
After the dissolution of the constituent assembly, the idea of its creation began to be discussed at the end of perestroika. Deputy M.E. Salier believed that the Democratic Union party was in the lead in raising the issue of the need to establish a constituent assembly. It, in her opinion, was the only way to create a legitimate form of government in Russia . And in Leningrad in 1991, on November 7, during the demonstration, even a banner appeared: "All power to the Soviets!"
As you know, when a constituent assembly is convened, the country's power partially passes to the legitimate Duma. Deputies are obliged to immediately dismiss the current government and elect a new interim government from among other members of the State Duma.