Compare the systematic categories of the Kingdom of plants, give examples of these organisms, indicate the features of their structure ... If you find it difficult to perform such tasks, our article will help to understand this issue.
Signs of the plant kingdom
All the organisms that inhabit our planet, scientists have united in the kingdom of wildlife. Plants, examples of which we will consider in our article, have their own distinctive features. First of all, it is an autotrophic method of nutrition. Only plants can produce organic matter and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. The place where this complex photochemical process called photosynthesis takes place is the green organelles of plant cells - chloroplasts.
The characteristic features of the representatives of this Kingdom are an attached lifestyle, unlimited growth that continues throughout life, as well as the presence of starch carbohydrate as a reserve nutrient.
Plant taxonomy
The systematic categories of the kingdom of plants, examples of which we will consider below, are created on the basis of general signs of structure. Initially, they are united in two large groups: lower and higher. The body of the first consists of numerous non-specialized cells that do not form tissue, and is called the thallus. And the higher ones have a complex leaf-stem structure.
Lower plants
These are the simplest organisms that represent the kingdom of plants. Their examples are known to all. This is kelp, or seaweed, sorgassum, chlamydomonas, ulotrix, volvox, spirogyra. Among them are single, multicellular and colonial organisms. All of them live in water. In addition to the thallus, which is the undifferentiated body of algae, they have rhizoids. These structures partially fulfill the function of roots, but do not form tissues, which is how they differ from them. Since water itself maintains the shape of the thallus, algae lack mechanical tissues.
Higher plants
The plants that make up these tissues and organs are called higher. Their first representatives, who came out of the water to land, are representatives of the disputed. These are mosses, crowns, horsetails and ferns. Instead of rhizoids, some of them have a fibrous root system, which grows in a bundle on an underground modified shoot. They reproduce with the help of asexual reproduction cells - spores. Another characteristic feature is the alternation of generations in their life cycle. Seed plants are more complex , it gave them the opportunity to take a dominant position on the planet.
The kingdom of plants: examples and classification
Propagation by seed gives plants more chances to survive in adverse environmental conditions. Consider their features on the example of conifers. They are representatives of the gymnosperms department. Their characteristic features are the presence of thin leaves of needles and resin passages in the trunk. And distinctive - the arrangement of seeds on the scales of cones is bare or open. This is where their name comes from. Of course, when exposed to low temperatures or lack of moisture, not all of them will germinate. But, unlike spores, seeds are multicellular structures and have reserve nutrients - endosperm.
Angiosperms are in a better position. They form a flower and fruit, in which the development and maturation of seeds occurs. This structure serves as additional protection, a source of heat and power. The Angiosperms Division combines two classes: Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous. The first have one cotyledon in the embryo, fibrous root system, simple linear leaves. These include representatives of the cereal, onion, and lily families. All of them are herbaceous plants due to the lack of cambium - lateral educational tissue. More diverse and numerous are dicotyledonous. In addition to the number of cotyledons, they are distinguished by the root system of the stem type, both complex and simple leaves, the presence of cambium. Among them are grasses, shrubs, and trees. They most widely represent the Kingdom of Plants. Examples of the most common are Rosaceae, Cabbage, Solanaceae, Asters, Legumes.
The value of representatives of the plant kingdom
The importance of all plant representatives is difficult to overestimate, because they provide all life with the necessary condition for life - oxygen. Algae are the starting material for the production of biologically active substances, drugs, food additives and paints. Gymnosperms are famous for the presence of volatile and valuable wood. A person eats fruits and parts of flowering plants.
Thus, the Kingdom of plants, the examples and systematic features of which were considered in our article, is distinguished by an exact hierarchy of development, diversity, and plays a crucial role in the life of the planet.