For the normal functioning of organs, starting with the brain and human systems, including processes that occur inside the cells of the body, the glucose content in the bloodstream is of great importance. To maintain good health, it is very important to maintain normal glucose in men of different ages.
The role of sugar in the body
In the event of a lack of glucose that comes from outside, the individual's body processes its own fats. This procedure is accompanied by the release of ketone bodies, which are able to poison the body with large accumulation. First of all, brain cells suffer from this. If the glucose that comes during the meal does not have time to be processed by the cells, then it is sent to the liver, where it is stored as glycogen. As soon as the need arises, it is again converted into carbohydrates and sent to meet the needs of the body. The table below shows the norm of blood glucose in men (by age).
How to prepare for the study
There are various types of tests for blood sugar (general, biochemical, sugar, immunological), so prepare for them should be different. Before submitting the material for analysis, you should not eat food and liquids. When eating, insulin is released to normalize monosaccharides. In addition, you should pay attention to the menu before passing the analysis. Foods containing high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods increase glucose even after 10-12 hours. In this case, it is necessary that 14 hours have passed from the last meal.
But these are not the only reasons affecting the result of the general analysis. Other indicators include exercise, various emotional states, infectious diseases, and stressful situations. The result of the analysis will change if you take a walk before going to the clinic. And training in sports and hard physical work will greatly distort the test, so it is advisable to refuse this one day before taking the samples. Otherwise, the results of the analysis will not reflect the true picture.
It is recommended that you sleep well at night, and you should not worry in the morning, and then the accuracy of the results will be high. And also do not have to wait for the planned trip to the doctor, it is better to take tests ahead of time if there are symptoms that cause anxiety. These include:
- itchy skin;
- intense thirst;
- frequent urination
- rapid weight loss for no reason;
- furunculosis on the skin;
- fungal diseases.
These signs indicate the onset of diabetes. In this case, in addition to the glucose test, it is necessary to examine the blood for glycated hemoglobin, which will help to accurately diagnose. Twice a year, you need to visit the clinic to take a sugar test for a healthy person. For patients with diabetes mellitus, sometimes tests are done several times a day (with a glucometer) to properly prescribe insulin and a special diet. The norm of blood sugar in men after 40, 50 and 60 years is presented above.
Glucose tolerance
This test passes after an initial glucose test. In warm water (in a volume of 200 ml), 75 g of glucose must be diluted and drunk. After two hours, blood is taken again. In this case, it is necessary that the patient does not eat, do not drink, but simply sit for two hours, otherwise the result of the analysis will turn out to be incorrect. If the susceptibility is impaired, then the sugar concentration will be 7.8–11.1 mmol / L. If the disease has already developed, then these numbers will be much higher.
An increase in blood sugar occurs with the following pathologies:
- heart attack;
- acute cerebrovascular accident;
- acromegaly.
A low level is possible due to the appearance of a tumor of the endocrine nature of the pancreas or insulinoma with a huge production of insulin.
How blood sugar is regulated
The upper norm of blood sugar for men, as well as for children and the fairer sex, is regulated by a hormonal substance - insulin. The lower norm is coordinated by the following complex:
- glucagon - sends special cells that are contained in the pancreas;
- adrenaline and norepinephrine, as well as glucocorticoid hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands;
- the thyroid gland has its own special cells that increase glucose levels;
- commands from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland that activate the adrenal glands.
In addition, the visceral nervous system can also influence hormonal processes. The parasympathetic section lowers the amount of sugar, and the sympathetic section increases it.
Blood sugar
The normal blood glucose level in men is 3.3–5.5 mmol / L. Gender is not related to the content of this substance. The study is carried out on an empty stomach. The best time for this procedure is morning time, food should be absent in the body of the individual for eight hours. Infections as well as lack of sleep can affect the result. In most cases, biomaterial is taken from the middle finger. What is the permissible blood glucose rate in men?
Permissible concentration should not cross the threshold of 5.6 mmol / L. When venous blood is taken, the optimal level will be in the range from 4.0 to 6.1. A glucose susceptibility disorder is noted at a level of 5.6–6.6 on an empty stomach. This condition is called tolerance and is considered a harbinger of a serious pathology called diabetes. For the correct diagnosis, a laboratory test for glucose tablet tolerance should be done.
If the results of a general blood test exceed 6.7 mmol / l, those are the permissible blood glucose levels in men, then this indicates the presence of diabetes. Nevertheless, additional tests are required to make sure the diagnosis is correct:
- a special test for glucose tolerance;
- repeated analysis must be taken on an empty stomach;
- specify the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin.
After eating, the permissible sugar concentration should not exceed 7.8 mmol / L. If the level is below normal, then this indicates signs of a malfunction in the body.
Causes of High Blood Sugar
Is the code violated ? The blood glucose level in men can increase, but this does not happen just like that. If a person does not have bad habits and eats properly, then this can become an indicator of the disease. The main causes of increased glucose levels are:
- smoking;
- alcohol;
- immense consumption of food, which contains easily digestible carbohydrates;
- diabetes;
- frequent stress;
- the use of diuretics, steroid, as well as contraceptives;
- endocrine diseases;
- diseases of internal organs, for example, kidneys, pancreas.
Diet to lower sugar
Excess sugar can be removed with a special diet, which implies the exclusion of easily digestible carbohydrates, which are found in the following products:
- fast food;
- muffin, confectionery and sugar;
- fried, smoked products;
- marinade;
- juice from concentrates;
- carbonated and alcohol-containing drinks.
To undergo metabolic processes in normal mode, it is recommended to use the following products:
- vegetables and greens;
- berries and fruits;
- green tea;
- fresh meat;
- seafood;
- nuts.
Exercise or hiking should also be added to proper nutrition.
Low blood sugar
Often there is also a lower level of glucose in the blood (the norm in men is described above), which is less than three mmol / l. This pathology is called hypoglycemia. The reasons that cause it: stress, prolonged hunger, great physical exertion, alcohol and diabetes. Hypoglycemia is a serious disease, as a result of which a man's supply of oxygen to the vessels of the brain is disrupted. As a result of oxygen starvation, a coma can occur. Signs of a decrease in blood sugar:
- dizziness and general weakness;
- heart palpitations;
- stable headache;
- severe malaise, sweating;
- spasms are likely.
To control the blood sugar level, healthy men should do an analysis twice a year.
How to return sugar to normal
With small deviations from the permissible values, their correction by the power mode is possible. Hyperglycemia is often detected after the diagnosis of blood glucose in men. The norm is slightly overestimated, so it is recommended to reduce the amount of carbohydrates contained in food. For this, you should not eat white bread, products containing sugar, pasta, potatoes, wine, carbonated drinks. It is recommended to increase the intake of foods that lower sugar. These include tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, onions, beans, pumpkin, celery.
Do not worry too much if hypoglycemia was detected following a test of blood glucose in men. The norm, as already mentioned, is about three mmol / l, but if the result is slightly lower, it is advisable to increase the intake of proteins, which are in sufficient quantities in milk products, in lean meats, beans, nuts. Preventive measures of both high and low blood sugar are ensured by the correct diet and feasible physical activity. With an increased sugar content associated with a disease of the internal organs involved in glucose circulation, it is also necessary to treat the underlying disease (pathology of the liver, pancreas, pituitary gland).
With a low level of hyperglycemia, the patient is prescribed medications that gradually lower the amount of sugar in the blood, but do not increase the formation of insulin. In case of insulin deficiency, an individual dosage of the drug is administered for each patient, which is administered subcutaneously.
Conclusion
Knowing the amount of sugar in the blood is very important. Its norm is directly dependent on age and has certain limits, so everyone can monitor their condition and, in case of any deviations, consult their doctor. The sooner a diabetic patient contacts a specialist in a clinic, the more chances he has to establish health.