Level - a device that is used in surveying to determine the difference in elevation between different points. This device can be used in many fields. As a rule, this is construction work at the stage of adjusting foundations or floors, marking up land plots, installing various frame structures, installing drainage systems, internal repair work in rooms, and much more. There are three main varieties of the device, depending on the principle of its operation: optical, laser and digital.
The most common and simple levels
The optical level is the simplest and most common. Its main elements are a telescope with a sighting axis and a cylindrical level. Based on the place of work, the operator independently adjusts the pipe, which rotates around its own axis. The calculation of the distance here is due to the staff with centimeter marks and a range finder, which consists of three threads. The divisions, the distance between which is 10 millimeters, can be applied with white, black or red paint. In order to simplify the calculation, every five of them are combined into groups, forming the letter "E". In order to take readings, you need to calculate the number of divisions between the lines. Optical level - a device, the use of which increases the risk of making mistakes. In this regard, it is very important to monitor the correct installation of the device. It must be secured with a set screw in such a way as to ensure a smooth running of the lifting screws. At the same time, it is necessary that the level bubble is in the same position even when the pipe is turned in opposite directions.
The most accurate measuring instruments
The laser level differs from the previous type in its internal structure and principle of operation. Deviations in the case of using such a device are determined by the beam projected onto the surface using a pendulum that is built into the housing. It should be noted that it is aligned automatically. Something similar has been used since ancient times. Then magnets were placed under the pendulum. They created a magnetic field, which, in turn, did not allow the pendulum to swing. Nowadays, a laser level is a device that provides the most accurate results. Speaking about the principle of its operation, one should also not forget about another important element - the optical system. It consists of three diodes creating a beam. When electricity passes through them, photons appear, which, after reflection from the mirror walls, exit the transparent region of the conductor in the form of a powerful light flux. After overcoming the whole system of lenses, a beam projected onto the surface appears.
Digital levels
A digital level is a device that, in its structure and principle of operation, is largely similar to an optical one. The main difference lies in the process of taking readings from the staff. In an electronic device, it is automatic. The processor reads the data, and then displays it on the screen. Such a device is controlled by using a keyboard. Due to the fact that the calculations are performed automatically, they are more accurate, because in this case the human factor, that is, the possibility of operator error, is excluded.