Samara is the administrative center of the homonymous region, one of the largest cities in Russia. In addition, the settlement is the capital of the Volga administrative district.
Characteristic
The population of the city of Samara is just over 1 million 170 thousand people. By the number of inhabitants, it occupies the 9th place among the cities of the Russian Federation. The number of agglomerations in the Samara city district is more than 2.7 million people. The city is located on the left bank of a large river of the same name, not far from its confluence with the Volga.
History
The history of the city begins in the XVI century. It was in 1586 on the banks of the river. Samara was built watchtower. The building received the name, which was still preserved for a long time behind the city itself - Samara-gorodok. The village received a name in honor of the water stream. And the Samara River itself was named in antiquity. This word has Indo-Iranian roots. Translated from the local dialect, it means "summer river."
The Samara fortress was of great importance for the entire Russian kingdom. The walls were supposed to protect him from the raids of nomads, Nogais and Cossacks. Thanks to the fortified city, trade relations between Astrakhan and Kazan were much easier. Even the place where the fortress was built is known. Now this is the territory of the Samara valve plant . However, the fortress has not survived to our days, having survived two fires several centuries ago.
The city of Samara has a very interesting history. At one time he was drawn into peasant uprisings under the leadership of S. Razin and E. Pugachev. And in the XVIII century, an architectural expedition was located in the village, thanks to which the cities of Stavropol, Orenburg and Yekaterinburg were built. In 1850, the Samara province was created - a large economic and agricultural center of the Russian Empire.
The settlement did not capture the revolutionary period. Soviet power was established in the city without a single shot. A great contribution to this was made by the politician V.V. Kuybyshev, in whose honor the city was renamed. It happened in 1935, and the city existed with that name until the collapse of the USSR (1991). After he was returned to its previous name.
Characteristic
Samara Square - 541 km². In shape, the city resembles a rectangle that stretches 50 km from north to south, and 20 km from west to east. The relief of the village is a flat area with small hilly areas. Only the northern part is elevated, since Sokoli Mountains (the spur of the Zhiguli Mountains on the left bank of the Volga) end here. The highest point within the city is Tip-Tyv Peak. Its height is 286 m. The minimum level drops to the level of 28 m above sea level off the Volga coast.
The center of Samara has a flat relief, sometimes dissected by small ravines. There are two types of soil in the city: from the side of the river. Samara has a clay character, and from the side of the river. Volga - sandy.
Climate
The city of Samara has a typical temperate continental type of climate. Here, cold snowy winters and hot, moderately humid summers. The average temperature of the coldest month is -9.9 ° , the warmest - +21 ° . The average annual rainfall is in the range of 500-600 mm. They fall evenly throughout the year, only slightly increasing in the summer months in the form of rains. The air flow of the Volga forms the direction of the winds throughout the year. So, in the winter, the south prevail, in the summer - the north.
Population
Samara Square allows you to accommodate a decent number of residents on the territory. The population density is 2162.48 people / km². This is a modern dynamic metropolis. In terms of population, it is considered a millionaire city. The national composition is diverse. By percentage, more than Russians - about 90%. The remaining Tatars (10%), Ukrainians (3.5%), Chuvashs (1%), Armenians, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, Jews, Belarusians (0.5% each), etc.
Industry
Samara is a typical industrial city, a major technical center of the Volga region. There are more than 150 industrial enterprises in the village, among which machine building and metalworking, the food industry, as well as space and aviation, are developing more. In Soviet times, the Kuibyshev Aluminum Plant produced about 60% of the goods for the entire Union. Also in this city, TU-154 aircraft and Soyuz missiles were assembled.
Samara’s area is not very large, however, a commercial network is well developed in this territory: there are about 40 markets, more than 70 large centers and more than 1 thousand medium and small platforms in the city.
Transport
The city of Samara is a major transport hub. There are two airports: international and local, there is a railway station and three bus stations. There is also a river station and port. Through the city pass federal routes from Central Europe to Siberia, Kazakhstan. Public transport is represented by buses, trams, trolleybuses and a subway line.
Areas
Samara Square allows you to divide the settlement into 9 administrative districts within the city and 2 settlement settlements (the village of Kozelki and the village of Yasnaya Polyana). Leninsky is considered the prestigious and oldest district. This is the center of the cultural and educational sphere. Museums and theaters are located here. But the largest attraction of the area is Kuibyshevskaya Square. Its length is 174 hectares, this is the highest rate in Europe.
Other areas: Kuibyshevsky, Samara, Railway, October, Soviet, Kirov, Industrial, Krasnoglinsky. The center of Samara has many historical attractions.
Another district is Volzhsky, the administrative center of the Samara region, but it is not part of the city. This municipal territory includes 3 urban and 12 rural settlements. This area is often called the “Volga Switzerland” for the beauty of nature that spans around.
Samara River
A picturesque place in the region is considered the river of the same name. The length of Samara is 594 km, it is one of the largest tributaries of the Volga. In the upper reaches the river flows in a thin stream. Closer to the city, it spreads several kilometers wide, and during the spring flood it spills even more. The waters of this river are rich in fish, which often comes here from the Volga. In addition, the left bank was overgrown with dense vegetation and forests. This is a great place to hunt.
To summarize
Be sure to in your life at least once visit the city of Samara. It will amaze every traveler with its landscapes and views. The population of the city is hospitable. Time in Samara is not very different from Moscow - just an hour of difference. Therefore, most travelers from the capital of the Russian Federation do not have to worry about getting used to another time zone. It is quite convenient.