In the modern world, the probability of a fire is rightfully considered one of the most dangerous. Indeed, as a result of such chemical reactions, a significant amount of a large amount of combustion products is released. In addition, all kinds of destruction, from small damage to the complete destruction of structures and structures, are the constant companions of fires. However, in most cases for citizens the most dangerous factor is not the fire itself, but smoke, which is a combustion product and poses a threat to both human health and life. In this regard, in the modern world, special fire safety rules have been developed.
Terminology
Before delving into the study of a particular material, you must carefully understand all the definitions used. So, for example, a fire is an uncontrolled burning, as a result of which any material damage is caused, a threat to human health and life, harm to the interests of the state and society as a whole. The security of an object is determined by the state of the person and property, which are characterized by the possibility of preventing the occurrence of a fire source and its subsequent spread, as well as reducing the impact on property and people on especially dangerous fire factors. Moreover, it is believed that the security of any object should be carried out by special systems responsible for eliminating the source of ignition and reducing its spread. This group also includes all kinds of fire protection equipment. Conducting various organizational and technical events is popular for the population. The fire regime is a set of rules of conduct for each person, the general system of organization of production activities, the procedure for cleaning and maintaining territories and premises. The main and most important task of all the previously described measures is to maximize the exclusion of any violations that may subsequently lead to a fire. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that fire safety measures are a set of actions to ensure the desired type of security.
Components
The most important elements of the fire safety system (SOPB) at the present time are all kinds of enterprises and companies, local governments and state authorities, farms and other legal entities, regardless of ownership or organizational direction. In addition, ensuring personal safety in case of fire is also a rather significant problem. Consequently, the constituent parts of the OSB system traditionally include all citizens of the state who are actively involved in maintaining a high level of protection against fires. It should be noted that all previously considered activities should be carried out only in accordance with the current legislation of the country.
General requirements
All modern means and measures aimed at eliminating the source of ignition and preventing its further spread are based on one important principle. It states that a fire is not possible if even the slightest contact of the ignition source with combustible material is absent. Actually, based on this postulate, all kinds of fire safety rules are developed, since each of them is considered aimed at reducing the likelihood of a threat. However, in many cases, the manufacturing process cannot be carried out without the use of such substances. In such situations, to reduce the likelihood of a fire, it is necessary to protect the room where the above components are located, as well as equipment located in the danger zone. These activities become possible with the timely installation of specialized automatic systems. Such fire safety measures invariably include emergency shutdown devices and all kinds of alarms, for example, light, sound, and others.
Main reasons
Fire may occur due to certain conditions. Consider the most basic of them. First of all, the technology of using furnace units may be violated in production. Often, a fire is the result of non-compliance with the rules of operation and the installation of various electrical installations, accidents or vehicle breakdowns, etc. In addition, the most common causes of flame occur include deliberate arson, careless handling of fire and natural phenomena, such as, for example, lightning discharges. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific set of rules that could include all the possible probabilities of an unwanted fire and ways to protect against it. Such conclusions became prerequisites for the creation of a modern document called "Fire Safety Rules".
Key features
Of course, many people are familiar with the characteristic features by which it is possible to determine the appearance of a fire source. Such signs traditionally include the presence of smoke, the appearance of a burning odor, a slight fire, and a power outage.
Rules of conduct during a fire
In the event that you find any of the above signs, you must immediately respond to such an alarm call. It is possible that someone’s life will depend on the speed of your reaction. So what should be done first? Fire safety rules govern every action. Starting from those that are not worth committing, so as not to aggravate the situation, ending with useful activities that will be aimed at eliminating the fire. Of course, it should be remembered that personal safety in case of fire is especially relevant, therefore the above documents describe in more detail the actions that each person can take to save himself. In the event that you find a fire, you must immediately inform the appropriate service. Fire brigades are more knowledgeable in many aspects of fire fighting. In the meantime, you can try to eliminate the threat yourself. A detailed list of actions will be discussed in the material below.
The first steps
The rules of personal safety in case of fire govern the following procedure. After the corresponding service is called up, you can try to extinguish the flame yourself. To do this, you must use all the tools currently available to you. For example, fire extinguishers, water, sand, dense fabrics and others. If it was not possible to extinguish the flame in the shortest possible time, fire safety regulations regulate the evacuation of a hazardous room, protect the airways from the harmful effects of carbon monoxide. If there is a smoky or burning room on your way, then it is necessary to attach a dense fabric dampened with water to the nose and mouth (if possible). In the event that the evacuation is prevented by a very heavily smoked room, the rules of personal safety in case of fire recommend bending down, and it is better to get on all fours and in this way overcome it as quickly as possible. These measures are necessary because the combustion product, such as smoke, has a lower density than air, due to its elevated temperature. Due to this, the maximum concentration of substances harmful to humans will be closer to the ceiling, and a layer of the cleanest air will remain near the floor. It should be used to exit the building safely.
Do not be indifferent!
As mentioned earlier, ensuring personal safety in case of fire is a priority. Nevertheless, assistance to victims is also considered quite important. Therefore, if you have encountered victims on the escape route, then call them, draw attention to yourself. In the event that any element of clothing caught fire in a person, you should help remove it. If such an action is not possible, then throw some thick cloth on it. In the event that it was not, throw the person to the ground and shoot down the fire from him. It should be remembered that in no case should the victim be allowed to flee. From this the flame only intensifies. Help the victim get to the exit, use the methods described earlier.
Additional security measures
Each person understands that in an extreme situation you can get confused and put yourself in even greater danger. To prevent such things, a fire safety measure was developed. If you adhere to the recommendations, you can significantly reduce the risk of a threat to your health and life. However, in order for the necessary information to immediately emerge in the memory, a detailed study and periodic repetition is required. It is for these purposes that appropriate briefings are given at workplaces.
Housing problem
If a fire occurs in the place where you work, then a fire alarm will immediately work and the management will take all measures necessary for the safe transportation of employees outside the building. However, fires in residential buildings, unfortunately, are not a rarity. What to do if a similar situation arose? Modern rules of conduct in case of house fire also regulate the most safe way out of the building. In general terms, follow the instructions above. However, there are some nuances. If the source of ignition occurred in the apartment, then the procedure is as follows.
First of all, you need to call the fire department. After that, help older people and children to get out of the danger zone. Try to put out the fire yourself. For this rule of action in case of fire, it is recommended to use water, dense fabrics, loose non-combustible substances, for example, washing powders. In addition, remember that flame can damage the electrical wiring and cause a short circuit. In order to avoid electric shock, it is necessary to turn off the machines in the switchboards, often located on the staircases. In no case do not open the windows, as this will not only give you a breath of fresh air, but will contribute to a significant spread of fire. If there is a strong smoke in the apartment, then you should immediately leave the room, close the door behind you. It is important to remember that it is necessary to protect the respiratory tract and eyes from harmful combustion products. Dampen a thick cloth in water well, attach it to your face and move as fast as possible towards the exit. An important nuance. If your property is insured, then in case of fire, you must contact the appropriate service within three days to compensate for the damage.
Public buildings
In the stated material, cases of occurrence of a fire in the workplace and in residential buildings were described. However, fires in places of mass presence of people pose a special danger to the state. These include educational institutions, health care and others. A similar name is attributed to them for a reason, because in the first there may be children, and in the second, patients who, in most cases, are unable to independently find the right ways for safe evacuation.
The rules for a fire in a school regulate the fastest possible movement of children from a danger zone. Thus it is necessary to carry out advancement by groups and not to lag and panic. It is also recommended to take measures to protect the respiratory tract and eyes from harmful carbon monoxide and other combustion products. Thus, the fire safety rules in an educational institution are slightly different from the generally accepted order. However, they imply placing a much greater degree of responsibility on the shoulders of people providing fire safety.
To prevent emergencies in all of the above institutions, it is necessary to carry out appropriate briefings with the required frequency. In addition, several times a year, traditionally held exercises that help to consolidate the skills for safe, quick and organized exit from the facility, representing a conditional danger.
The evacuation procedure, as mentioned earlier, is fairly standard. However, there are some nuances. These include the role of the teacher. After all, he needs not only to escort the children to a safe place, but also to “cover up” the escape routes, thereby preventing the further spread of the flame. In addition, he must take a cool magazine with him. This event is necessary in order to make the so-called roll call and find out if any of the students remained inside the building. After all, children can easily panic and unconsciously try to hide in one of the classrooms. Or simply out of harm, want to scare someone and stay in a burning and often smoky room.