Thanks to this amazing part of speech, language acquires expressiveness and brightness, without it our speech would not be so colorful and rich. The adjective name defines the subject by its attribute and affiliation. They ask him questions “what?” which one? which one? which ones? ”, and also it answers the questions“ whose? ” whose? whose? whose?"
The secret is depending
In a sentence, an adjective is usually associated with nouns and pronouns. This part of speech is always dependent on them. This connection will tell us how to determine the case of the adjective. The cases in Russian are nominative, followed by the genitive, then the dative, then the accusative, then the instrumental, and then the prepositional. Finishing the names of adjectives by cases is easy to find if you ask them a question from the part of speech on which they depend. Usually the ending that is on the question coincides with what the adjective has.
What to consider
The change of adjectives in cases depends on the number and gender of this part of speech. And here you need to remember two things. Firstly, adjectives can be changed by gender only when they are singular. Secondly, they can be changed by numbers. Let's consider both theses with examples.
Ends of adjectives of masculine, feminine and neuter
We take the phrase "noun + adjective in the singular" and trace how the ending of the adjective in different genders changes. The gender name adjective always has the same as the noun to which it refers.
- Masculine adjectives ending: th, th, th. Here is an example: a person (what?) Is business, smart, sensitive.
- The end. adj. in the feminine gender: th, th. For example, clothes (what?) Are spacious, summer.
- The end. adj. in the middle kind: th, th. For example, a plant (what?) Is tall, perennial.
The endings of adjectives in different numbers
Adjectives are free to change in numbers. In the singular, they denote the characteristic of one subject or group of subjects and answer the questions “what, what, what?” For example: a clever question, a wide road, a gentle sun, a cheerful team, a large congestion, a noisy crowd.
In the plural, adjectives denote many objects, answering the question "what?" For example: high hopes, small sorrows. As you can see, the number of the adjective depends on the number of the noun with which it is associated.
Spelling of unstressed endings in adjective names
To determine this point, you can act on a simple algorithm. First you need to ask a question from the noun to the adjective.
If the question is “what?”, You need to check whether the ending is under stress. If yes, then we write th, if not, then we write th (s).
If the question from the noun sounds like “whose?”, Then in the end you should write
If from a noun to an adjective you can only ask questions of indirect cases, then you should write the same ending that sounds in the question (taking into account the hard and soft declension). We consider the last statement in more detail.
Change adjective case names
Let us now get acquainted with the peculiarities of declension of adjectives in cases. This information will help you figure out how to determine the case of the adjective in each case.
First group
These are singular adjectives that are feminine. They lean like this:
- Nominative case: plum (what?) - ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Genitive: plums (which?) - ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Dative case: plum (which?) - ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Accusative case: plum (which?) - ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Tative case: plum (what?) Ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Prepositional case: about plum (what?) Ripe, early. The end. adjectives: th, th.
Note that the endings of adjectives coincide in four cases: genitive, dative, instrumental, and prepositional.
Second group
These are singular adjectives that are masculine. They lean like this:
- Nominative: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. Adjective endings: th, th, th.
- Genitive: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Dative case: to a ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- To determine the end of an adjective in the accusative case, one must first find out whether it refers to an animate or inanimate noun. In our example, adjectives refer to an inanimate noun that answers the question “what?”. Then the question for the adjective will sound like this: the ball (what?) Is big, rubber, blue. The endings of adjectives with an inanimate noun: th, th, th. But if the noun is animated, in the accusative case the question “to whom?” Should be asked. Accordingly, the form of the adjective will change. For example, a father (what?) Strict, loving. The endings of adjectives with an animated noun: -th, -th.
- Cases: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. The end. adjectives:
- Prepositional case: about a ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. The end. adjectives: th, th.
Third group
These are singular adjectives in the middle gender. They bow like that.
- Nominative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Adjective endings: th, th.
- Genitive: in the morning (what?) Sunny, summer. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Dative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Accusative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. The end. adjectives: th, th.
- Corps case: in the morning (what?) Sunny, summer. The end. adjectives:
- Prepositional case: about the morning (what?) Sunny, summer. The end. adjectives: th, th.
We see here that in all three groups the answer to the question of how to determine the case of an adjective is reduced to one - it is recognized by the case of the noun on which this adjective depends.
Fourth group
These are adjectives that are in the plural. We will say the following about them:
- Nominative case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. Adjective endings: th, th.
- Genitive: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. The end. adjectives: s, s.
- Dative case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. The end. adjectives:
- Accusative case: adjectives related to inanimate nouns tend to be nominative: flowers (what?) Are yellow, autumn. Endings: s, s. Adjectives related to animated nouns are inclined according to the principle of the genitive case: relatives (what?) Cheerful, close. Ends: s, s.
- The instrumental case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. The end. adjectives: s, s.
- Prepositional case: about the colors (what?) Of yellow, autumn. The end. adjectives: s, s.
Note that in this group adjectives have similar endings in the genitive, accusative (if they refer to animate nouns), and prepositional cases.
Definition of the case of the adjective name: sequence of actions
- We write out the adjective on the leaf.
- We single out the ending in it.
- Determine what kind, number is an adjective.
- We choose which of the four groups described above this word belongs to.
- Define the case of the adjective at the end.
- If in doubt, pay attention to the noun on which our word depends, ask a question to him and determine the case of the adjective, because it has the same ending.
If it is difficult to understand whether a noun (and an adjective dependent on it) is used in the nominative or accusative case, you should look at its syntactic role. If a noun in a sentence appears as a subject, then it has a nominative case. The cases of adjectives will be the same. If the noun is a minor member of the sentence, then it is used in the accusative case. Consequently, adjectives will have the same case.
We examined how to determine the case of an adjective and made sure that it is not difficult at all.