In the article, we will talk about the size of bathrooms in public buildings.
A public bathroom, which, as a result of omissions in the design, is very inconvenient for use, especially if it does not provide for a sufficient number of sanitary appliances. To visit such a toilet, people have to wait a long time for their turn, and this often spoils the pleasant experience of a particular public building or place in which the bathroom is located.
That is why lately the arrangement of these places in different countries has been given special attention. The minimum bathroom size in public buildings is strictly defined.
The main feature that must be taken into account during design is their attendance. Here, according to the regulatory requirements of SANPIN and SNIP, a selection of high-quality material for the design of the bathroom should be carried out and all the rules for installing technical devices must be observed.
What should be the size of the bathrooms in public buildings?
Basic requirements for public bathrooms
Such requirements include:
- Cleanliness and dryness.
- Good ventilation.
- Easy to maintain.
- Carefully thought out layout.
- Accessibility and convenience for handicapped groups.
Standards for the size of bathrooms in public buildings
The toilet in the public building must be of the following sizes:
- a cabin with a door that opens outward - 85 x 120;
- cabin without doors - 80 x 100;
- cabin of an individual sanitary unit - 150 x 150 cm;
- partitions between toilets - 180 cm;
- doors with urinals - 130 cm;
- doors in the absence of urinals - 200 cm;
- partition screens between toilets - 175 cm;
- width between two fronts of cabs - 150 cm;
- between the axes of the urinals - 70 cm;
- the passage between the rows of urinals - 120 cm;
- passage between washbasins - 160 cm;
- between the taps of the common wash basin - 55-60 cm, individual - 60-65 cm;
- from the side wall to the tap of the individual washbasin - 35 cm.
The area of bathrooms in public buildings should be no less than the minimum.
Bathrooms layout
When planning a public bathroom, ergonomics must be considered. Unlike the rooms of individual bathrooms, in toilets it is necessary to take into account not only the space occupied by plumbing fixtures, but also take into account the fact that a special place is required here to accommodate personal belongings. This is especially important in railway station and airport buildings, where people may have significant luggage, such as a suitcase. The placement of plumbing fixtures simplifies the movement of people within the bathroom.
Such layouts, in which the bathrooms in public buildings have a single entrance, can be convenient only in cases where the paths of visitors do not intersect, and the main entrance is quite wide. Refusing the main entrance door to the public bathroom not only helps to improve ventilation, but is also considered a good solution in terms of hygiene, since visitors do not need to touch the door handles after washing their hands.
Cabins, mirrors and urinals should not be located in direct visibility areas for people passing by the main entrance to the toilet. For example, the door can be replaced by a displaced entrance maze, which will block the possibility of direct visibility of the toilet from the outside, but will allow for quick and easy access to the bathroom.
Kinds
Bathrooms in public buildings are divided by type, taking into account:
- gender of people: female and male;
- age: for children and adult visitors;
- number of places for simultaneous use: single or double, etc .;
- equipment;
- the presence of individual cabins;
- passage of pipelines of hot and cold water supply, connection to sanitary equipment: with concealed, open or mixed connection.
In women's and men's bathrooms, a sink should be provided in conjunction with the toilet.
The location of the bathrooms
We talked about the size of the bathroom in public buildings according to SNIP. What is their location?
The vertical arrangement option, on which the height of the sewer and water risers depends, is taken into account the number of storeys and the type of public building. Female and male bathrooms are located:
- one above the other on different sewer risers on each floor or across the floor, while they are designed in different departments of the building;
- on one sewer riser in a mixed order on top of each other.
Moreover, placement is possible in any part of the building: on both sides, in the middle, at one end of the building, etc. The location of a certain part of the building allows you to determine the length of the exhaust pipelines from the sewer risers to the underground underground sewer network. The same applies to the length of the pipelines. The number of sanitary units according to the height of a public building can vary, for example, from 5 in cinemas to 16 in a school building.
Many are interested in the norms of the size of bathrooms in public buildings for the disabled. About it below.
Planning decisions of toilets are normalized in Construction Norms and Regulations 2.08.02–89 “Public constructions and buildings”. As a rule, bathrooms are located:
- in the corner of the building;
- between workrooms or stairs;
- in the central part or in the basement.
According to the projects, the layout of the bathrooms is normalized taking into account the type, number of cabins and other features. In addition, the nature of the blocking of such premises and planning decisions were made taking into account subgroups of buildings, as well as indicators of sanitary facilities and the size of bathrooms.
Bathroom in the hotel: features
According to SNIP, bathrooms in public buildings, like hotels, are located on each floor in a separate room with an independent entrance from a common corridor. The number of technical objects in the rooms should depend on their category. In hotels that do not have bathrooms in the rooms, the number of technical devices is determined on the basis of the total number of places in the rooms, and attendants should also be taken into account:
- in men's bathrooms: one toilet for 18 people;
- in women: one toilet for 11 people;
- one bath or shower for 30 people.
Toilet bowls
A toilet bowl is a sanitary technical device that is equipped with a semi-automatic or automatic flush system. Toilets are classified as follows:
- in the shape of a bowl: visor, dish-shaped, funnel-shaped (basic modern models);
- by design: compact, without flushing tank;
- according to the installation method: suspended, floor;
- according to the method of connection to the tank: with bottom or side connection;
- for the release of wastewater into the sewer system: with direct, horizontal or oblique discharge;
- by type of shelf for tank installation: with attached and whole cast shelf.
Flushing devices
What flushing devices should a minimum bathroom of a public building have?
Such technical devices are used to flush toilets in public buildings. For different types of toilets, you can use semi-automatic and automatic flush taps equipped with adjustable amount of water. The diameter of the supply pipes is selected depending on the model of the device. The pressure in the water supply network with the tap open, according to the norms of SANPIN and SNIP, should not be less than 0.08 MPa, and the pressure in the system in front of the tap should not be higher than 0.6 MPa.
When installed, the flush valve is connected to the pipeline by means of an angular shut-off valve and is located at a height of at least 80 cm above the floor.
Many people do not think about the size of bathrooms in public buildings.
Washbasin
The washbasin is a sanitary technical device designed to drain liquid effluents into sewers. Washbasins are classified as follows:
- in shape: oval, rectangular, round, surgical, angular, wash basin-bowl, for the disabled, hairdressing, design;
- according to the installation method: built-in, mounted, with a semi-pedestal or pedestal;
- by material: porcelain, earthenware, steel, acrylic, etc .;
- in size: mini-sink, plain.
Urinals
Urinals are classified as follows:
- In shape: round, oval, rectangular, triangular, elongated, designer.
- By the method of water supply: horizontal and vertical.
- By the method of installation: floor, wall, tray.
- According to the material: porcelain, earthenware, metal, semi-porcelain, stainless steel, etc.
- By type: touch, traditional, infrared, etc.
- On a complete set: without a cover and with it.
- Size: child, adult.
- By manufacturer: foreign, domestic.
Bidet
Bidet is a sanitary technical device in the form of an elongated earthenware basin equipped with taps that are connected to the sewage system and water supply systems. Bidets are classified as follows:
- by water supply methods: with side-down, bottom-up, top-down;
- according to the installation method: floor, suspended, electro-toilet bidet, cover-bidet;
- on the design of the discharge of sewage liquids: with vertical, as well as horizontal or oblique discharge;
- by material: porcelain, earthenware, stainless steel, metal, etc.
Gangways
The ladder is a device that serves to drain and receive sewage from the floor of the bathroom and other sanitary and technical rooms. The installation of ladders, according to the norms of SNIP and SANPIN, is mandatory with a hydraulic shutter. Ladders are classified as follows:
- by material: plastic, cast iron, combined from stainless steel;
- in shape: rectangular, round;
- by the method of tap: with oblique, straight, vertical tap;
- by the number of bends;
- the diameter of the branch pipe;
- throughput;
- by the size of the grating;
- on permissible loads;
- by manufacturer;
- by design.
Pipelines of sewerage and water supply systems
Pipelines in the bathroom are laid openly (fastened to ceilings or walls) or hidden (in prefabricated blocks, channels, ducts, panels, grooves. Laying of sewage pipes can also be carried out underground (below the basement or first floor). technical undergrounds and cellars, in the structures of floors between floors and above floors. The drain pipes are laid in a straight line if there is a slope towards the riser and are connected to the water gates of sanitary technical devices moat.
The riser is installed at a distance of about 25 mm from the wall (the axis of the riser - in diameter of 100 mm should be 75 mm away from the wall, and 50 mm in diameter of 50 mm). On sewer risers in the absence of indentation on them, revisions are provided in the first and last floors, in the basement, and in the presence of indentation - in the floors located above the indentation. With hidden pipe laying, access to the revisions is provided through the inspection hatch door. For internal water supply, metal (cast iron and steel) and polymer pipes are used. Steel pipes with a diameter of 10-70 mm must be galvanized.
Hot water is supplied to washbasins, sinks, bidets, and showers. The method of laying hot water pipes should depend on the general planning decisions of communications in a public building. The installation of galvanized steel pipelines for hot water is recommended. Polymer pipes are laid below steel pipes for hot water supply and heating (with a parallel arrangement, the distance between them should be at least 100 mm, at the intersection sites - 50 mm). Installation of stop valves is carried out:
- at the base of all risers in public buildings up to 3 floors high without gates on the branches floor-by-floor;
- at the base of all risers in buildings with a height of more than 3 floors;
- eyeliner to flush toilets, taps and to special devices;
- a branch for the phased inclusion of technical devices, provided that there are more than five such devices.
Design features of sanitary facilities for the disabled
The size of the bathroom for the disabled in public buildings must be strictly observed.
Sanitary facilities are located on floors where people are visiting public buildings. According to regulatory requirements, the distance from visitors' service points to bathrooms in areas of entertainment, sports, places of worship and memorial complexes and burial sites cannot exceed 200 m. Open pipe laying in interlocked bathrooms:
- sewer risers, as well as cold and hot water pipes;
- sewage and water supply pipelines;
- sewage and cold water pipelines.
Drainage and water supply in bathrooms for disabled people in public buildings are recommended within walking distance from the main entrances, entrances, communication centers. When determining the number of sanitary and technical devices for people with disabilities proceed from the calculation (at least one such device per building):
- for children's organizations: 5% of the total number of toilets for girls; 2% of the number of urinals and toilets for boys - at least one hygiene room for girls for 360 girls from 12 years and more;
- for administrative and educational buildings, as well as for service institutions: 5% of the number of female toilets and 2% of the number of urinals and toilets for men, and every fifth sanitary room should be adapted for disabled people.
This is confirmed by the norms of bathrooms in public buildings.
If there are vestibule sluices, the distance between the open door inside them is recommended to be no less than 1.5 m. It is allowed to use rooms in which washbasins are located as vestibule sluices. The toilets are mounted at a height from the floor to the top of the seat at 450 mm, not higher than 600 mm.
In the buildings of institutions designed for visiting disabled people with children, children's semi-cabins are provided as part of the bathrooms. Be sure to equip the bathroom with grab rails, which are used by people with disabilities.
Bathroom sizes in public buildings for the disabled
According to SNiP the following sizes are established:
- length - more than 2.2 m;
- width - 1.6 m.
If the bathroom is combined, then these parameters should be more than 2.2 m. The smallest cab size: width - 1.65 m, depth - 1.8 m. The door must necessarily open outward, be equipped with a closer, and inside - with a full handle the width of the door. Supporting handrails are located not lower than 75 cm at the toilet. The toilet should be at a height of 45-60 cm.
What must be observed in the bathrooms of public buildings according to SANPIN?
Security
Bathrooms must meet all the criteria for convenience and safety. The doors of the toilet cubicles should open outwards. The use of non-slip materials when wet floors is also practiced. A prerequisite is the placement of drains and gangways outside the zone of movement of wheelchairs.
In addition, bathrooms for people with disabilities must meet the requirements of information - the allocation of the interior and the entrance signs to the bathroom and special cabins in them. It is also widely practiced installing signaling devices near cabs (busy / free); a contrasting color scheme is used in the interior of the sanitary premises and the wash zone for people with visual impairments. Zones intended for people with severe health anomalies (curtains, screens, curtains) are visually set off.
Other features and comfort conditions for the disabled
In public buildings, the use of vending machines for the sale of hygienic individual products is widespread. Hanger devices are used and places to place crutches, wheelchairs, dentures, etc. Bathrooms should be present on each floor, regardless of the number of people working in the building, while at least one of the total number of cabins must be universal. Undesirable adjacent arrangement of female and male bathrooms for the visually impaired. In sanitary facilities, the number of cabins and technical devices necessary for people with disabilities with musculoskeletal disorders is determined from the following: at least one universal shower for three people with disabilities, at least one wash basin for 7 people with disabilities, regardless of the sanitary characteristics of the production process (for people with disabilities enterprise).