The most common thyroid diseases are endemic goiter, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Symptoms of these diseases are quite specific, can be easily detected even with a routine examination.
Hyperthyroidism is often called thyrotoxicosis or bazedovoy disease. This is a chronic thyroid disease, the basis of which is its hyperfunction, hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Hyperthyroidism refers to a polyetiological pathology, that is, various causes can cause its development, but the main one is acute or chronic psychotrauma, as well as recently transmitted infectious diseases, the complication of which can be hyperthyroidism. Symptoms of the disease are divided into general, local, from the side of individual body systems.
Local symptoms include changes in the thyroid gland. Depending on the development of pathology, several degrees of enlargement of the gland are distinguished. Normally, the thyroid gland is not visible during examination and is not palpable. With an increase in the thyroid gland, at first it only palpates, later becomes visible on the neck when swallowing, then it is visible in the normal state (without swallowing), and with a significant increase in iron it changes the shape of the neck.
Eye symptoms are especially typical for hyperthyroidism. These include exophthalmos, that is, protrusion of the eyeballs from the orbits, to which periorbital edema of soft tissues, photophobia, lacrimation can join. In addition, the symptoms are determined : Shtelvag (rare blinking), Delrimplya (wide opening of the eyes), Moebius (violation of convergence of the eyes), Gref (lag of the upper eyelid from the iris of the eye when looking down).
Especially important are the changes in the functioning of the heart that cause hyperthyroidism. Symptoms are associated with an increase in the load on the heart muscle. Patients complain of a constant heartbeat, sometimes interruptions in the work of the heart, shortness of breath during physical exertion. An examination reveals tachycardia, extrasystole, sometimes atrial fibrillation, and an increase in blood pressure. Changes in the heart with severe forms of thyrotoxicosis can lead to the development of heart failure.
No less typical are changes in the nervous system. Patients note fatigue, irritability, tearfulness, a feeling of constant internal tension, difficulty communicating, inability to concentrate, excessive sweating, and a tendency to depression. An objective examination determines nervousness, emotional lability, increased excitability, fussiness. Typical of these patients is Mari’s symptom - a small tremor of the fingers of outstretched arms, closed eyelids, and in severe cases the whole body, which is called the “telegraph pole” symptom.
Causes hyperthyroidism symptoms of disorders in the digestive tract. Patients often experience abdominal pain, a tendency to diarrhea, and increased appetite. In severe cases of the disease, the development of chronic thyrotoxic hepatitis is possible.
Signs of hyperthyroidism develop in 0.1% of pregnant women. In the presence of hyperthyroidism in the first half of pregnancy, an exacerbation of the disease is observed, and in the second there is a clinical improvement. Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy may be accompanied by the risk of spontaneous abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth. In the third trimester of pregnancy, premature birth is possible. Exacerbation of hyperthyroidism is possible not only during pregnancy, but also during lactation, and therefore it is recommended to reduce it. In 80-90% of cases, with timely and proper treatment in pregnant women with hyperthyroidism, absolutely healthy children are born.