The Renaissance (or Renaissance) is a special and most important stage in the development of world art culture. The cradle of the Renaissance was Rome, Florence, Naples and Venice. It was a mysterious and ambiguous time when savagery, cruelty and ignorance were combined with almost heroic manifestations of humanism.
Features of the era
For this time, it was primarily characterized by an understanding of the need for renewal of a person, his thoughts, lifestyle and consciousness. This update began with a new spatio-temporal orientation. Space has become the sphere of self-affirmation of man in the world. There was a realization that the expression of the structure of space and time is the form by which a person sought to master the world of phenomena.
The world of the Renaissance art culture (Grade 7): table.
Perspective
In the Renaissance, the mathematical concept of "perspective" was developed in art. Prospect theory was handled by many prominent Renaissance artists. The prospect was a tangible step in bringing people and the world closer together.
In the Middle Ages, the term "perspective" denoted the mathematical theory of vision. Even Euclid depicted the geometric perception of surrounding objects. He presented the rays coming from the eye to the object in the form of a pyramid, the top of which is in the eye, and the base is on the surface of the object. Later, Brunelleschi put the plane of the picture in the path of the rays, obtaining a perspective image of the subject. This discovery allowed the Renaissance artists to carry out the so-called breakthrough of the plane and to conquer an illusory space that moved deep into and went beyond the plane.
Renaissance artists defined the perspective as things visible from a distance, represented in certain and given limits proportionally depending on distances and sizes.
Leonardo da Vinci established a perspective structure:
- The first perspective contains the outlines of objects.
- The second is about reducing and weakening the color at different distances.
- The third shows a loss of distinctness.
Thus, the Renaissance artists calculated the depth of space and created the effect of presence.
Nature and the world of Renaissance art culture
In the Italian culture of the Renaissance, the landscape from a neutral background turned into an active space. Masters in the transmission of light and color richness of the world were:
- Lorenzo Lotto;
- Benozzo Gozzoli;
- Sandro Botticelli;
- Francesco Cossa;
- Carpaccio;
- Pietro Perugino;
- Leonardo da Vinci;
- Michelangelo;
- Raphael;
- Correggio;
- Titian;
- Giovanni Bellini
Renaissance music
Music is a powerful branch of the Renaissance culture: it oriented listeners to the eternal, despising the transitory. The features of the musical school of the era were simplicity, clarity, lightness of texture, harmonious grace.
The greatest musicians of the Renaissance were:
- Giovanni Palestrina;
- Andrian Villaert;
- Josquin Depres;
- Andrea Gabrily;
- Giovanni Gabrieli.
Architecture
The main task set by the bright minds of the Renaissance was to create beauty. Since architecture is designed to organize space for utilitarian and aesthetic purposes, the Renaissance architects paid a lot of attention to the laws of proportionality, but, unlike the ancient masters, they created their creations for people and thought about their convenience.
Literature
The literature of the Renaissance, like works of art, was saturated with love. One of its characteristic features was the contradiction between individualism and self-giving, the dissolution of the lover in the beloved was considered as a complete loss of freedom. And freedom is life, therefore, a loving person, having lost freedom, dies. The literature of the Renaissance is saturated with suffering, but also with the assertion that only love makes a person beautiful and pure.
Northern Renaissance
A special place in the world culture of the era is occupied by the Northern Renaissance. The main ideals of the artistic culture of the Northern Renaissance :
- the predominance of pantheistic views of the world;
- attention to detail;
- a demonstration of the imperfection of the world and the omnipresence of universal evil;
- emphasis on suffering;
- poetization of the average person;
- the unity of the tragic and the comic;
- respectful attitude and spiritualization of things;
- Protestant position of everyday life;
- rejection of a closed composition;
- semantic richness;
- strong symbolism.
Bright representatives of the Northern Renaissance were:
- Francis Bacon;
- Montaigne;
- Bosch
- Francois Rabelais;
- Shakespeare;
- Miguel Cervantes.
What is the main point?
If you imagine the world of the Renaissance art culture briefly, we can say that in the Renaissance, people's ideas about space and time change. Differentiates spiritual and earthly. The most important moral values are love and dignity.
During the High Renaissance, artistic expression receives the ideal model of the world and man in the works of Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci:
- Da Vinci's work was focused on a person living in a natural continuum.
- Michelangelo cared about the history of the soul, culture, ideas.
- Raphael tried to achieve a moral and aesthetic ideal.
In the Italian Renaissance, nature was not only a habitat, but also one of the sources of enjoyment.
According to the concept of the Renaissance, the predominant role of man demanded his activity: he strove to achieve harmony in the world and in himself.
Along with Italian, there was a Northern and Spanish Renaissance.
Renaissance Artistic World: Table
We offer you to complete the task yourself. Topic: "The World of Renaissance Art Culture (Grade 7). A table on this topic is below.
By filling out the table, you will once again be convinced that to this day mankind uses the inventions and achievements of the great masters of the Renaissance.