Mantoux vaccination often raises parents' concerns about how it will affect the health of the child, whether there will be complications after vaccination.
First of all, parents need to know that the Mantoux test is mandatory. Without it, a child will not be taken to a preschool and will be banned from leaving the country.
In addition, caring parents ask themselves: "What should not be eaten with Mantoux?" This article will explain to mothers and fathers about the nutrition of the child. Particular emphasis is placed on the diversity in nutrition before and after vaccination. In order to find out that you can’t eat after Mantoux, you need to find out what happens in the child’s body after vaccination.
Equally important for health is the time of vaccination. So, vaccines against diseases are injected at a certain age and with a fixed frequency. Therefore, when you can not do Mantoux for a child, only a doctor knows.
Initially, we need to understand what it is - a Mantoux vaccine?
Mantoux vaccine: what is it
Mantoux vaccination is done annually to examine children for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a terrible bacterial infection from which people die. Early diagnosis of the disease and timely treatment help to avoid death. The causative agent of tuberculosis is Koch's bacillus. The disease initially affects the lungs. In the early stages, tuberculosis is accompanied by cough with severe sputum. In the later stages - coughing up blood and exhaustion. The risk group includes people with weakened immunity and HIV-infected. The Mantoux test helps to understand whether there is a tuberculosis infection in the body or not.
Currently, there are two ways to introduce the Mantoux test into the body.
The drug of administration is one - tuberculin. The first method is the Perke method (the method is named after the name of the doctor who invented it). In the Perke method, the drug is administered to slightly damaged skin of a patient. The second method is the Mantoux method, in which the drug is administered under the skin. The method of administration does not affect the result. Evaluation of the results is based on the same indicators.
Healthcare requirements
Prevention of tuberculosis is regulated by health standards and includes:
- Definition of the disease in the early stages. In children, vaccination is carried out from one year to 17 years inclusive.
- An allergic test in any case is placed once a year.
- Vaccination is not allowed at home and is carried out only by medical personnel.
- Mantoux test is carried out before measles and diphtheria vaccinations.
- The Mantoux test cannot be performed in case of quarantine.
- Inspection of children before vaccination and assessment of their health status is mandatory.
- The minimum period between the Mantoux vaccine and other preventive vaccinations should be one month.
Vaccination Location
The place of vaccination is the treatment room of the kindergarten or nursery. This is if the child attends these facilities. If the child is at home, then a test is done in the children's clinic. Vaccination is always carried out according to plan. Therefore, parents are always told about it in advance.
How is the Mantoux vaccine given
The vaccine is given by trained medical personnel under the special program "Tuberculinodiagnosis". The first vaccine is given at the age of one year and is carried out after a year. The vaccination technology is as follows: it is made in the middle of the forearm from the inside with a special syringe. The dose of administration is 0.1 ml. After an injection, a “button” or swelling of the skin layer forms on the surface of the hand. After 40 minutes, the button disappears. On the second day, at the site of vaccination, redness of the skin and a densified area are obtained. This site is evaluated on the third day after vaccination with a ruler with millimeters.
What happens with vaccination?
The active substance during vaccination is the antigen - tuberculin, which is obtained from the tuberculosis bacterium. At the injection site, an accumulation of T-lymphocytes occurs (as a result, inflammation), which draw lymphocytes to themselves from other blood vessels. Not all lymphocytes begin to work, but only those that had contact with Koch's wand. The inflamed part is larger if the body is in contact with the tuberculosis bacterium.
How to prepare a child for vaccination
The preparation itself is a fairly easy event. Vaccine preparation usually begins three or four days before the day of vaccination. The first thing to do is to leave the usual daily routine. In addition, it is not recommended to load the body of the child. The second is to avoid contact with sick people. For this, it is necessary not to go on a visit, not to travel by public transport. Third - do not change the usual climate.
You should be aware that the Mantoux vaccine is not given to children under one year old due to the fact that the baby’s immune system acts in a special way, so the result may turn out to be quite inaccurate.
Next, we consider the question of what you can not eat with Mantoux.
How to eat when vaccinated with Mantoux
It must be recalled that Mantoux is a vaccination, that you can’t eat the same products as with other preventive injections from diseases. At first glance, this question is simple, but it must be approached with great responsibility. Nutrition must be complete. In our country, there are special institutions where they pay great attention to balanced nutrition. These are schools, motels and kindergartens. The local pediatrician will be able to advise on this issue.
To the question: “What should not be eaten under Mantoux?” A definite answer will not work. The emphasis is on balanced and proper foods that are good for your health.
What foods are not allowed with Mantoux
With proper nutrition, it is necessary to exclude products that can provoke an allergy, namely:
- citrus fruits (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, etc.);
- eggs (both raw and boiled);
- chocolate and its derivatives (sweets, pastes);
- fish products (including seafood);
- milk and dairy products;
- nuts (peanuts, hazelnuts);
- wheat.
What you can not eat with Mantoux? Of course, these are the above
allergenic products that cause swelling that is hazardous to health.
Just before vaccination
On the day when they are vaccinated, it is mandatory to examine the child and assess his condition. Usually check the throat and measure the temperature. The thermometer should read 36.6 ° C. The doctor or nurse is required to make an entry in the child’s medical history. When vaccination is carried out in a clinic, a medical worker inquires in detail with parents about their well-being and behavior patterns of the child. If a Mantoux test is done at school or kindergarten, parents give written consent to the vaccine.
At the time of vaccination and immediately after it
At the time of vaccination, the patient must remain calm. An excited child can pull his hand, get a wound and improper administration of the medicine. Parents themselves must also maintain balance, as their nervousness is transmitted to the child. After the injection, you do not need to immediately leave the clinic, it is better to sit in it or take a walk nearby on the street. If the reaction to the vaccine is alarming, you must immediately return to the doctor’s office.
Evaluation of the result after the injection
The following classification of Mantoux test reactions exists: negative, positive, and doubtful.
- The complete lack of compaction or the presence of a reaction only from an injection is a negative reaction.
- When the size of the button itself is 2-4 mm or if the skin turns red without compaction, the reaction is called dubious.
- A positive reaction is considered with a seal of 5 or more millimeters.
A positive reaction is weakly positive (the size of the button itself is from 5 mm to 9 mm), a reaction of medium intensity (the size of the button itself is from 10 mm to 14 mm) and a pronounced reaction (the size of the button itself is from 15 mm to 16 mm). But even if an infection is detected, this does not mean that the child is sick with tuberculosis.
The reason for this can serve as a BCG vaccine, which is done in the hospital. After this injection, the tuberculosis bacillus interacts with tuberculin (a vaccine substance), as a result, a positive reaction is obtained.
If the result is positive (influencing factors must be excluded), additional diagnostics are always carried out: sputum culture, fluorography, as well as examination of all family members.
Children and adolescents are at risk of developing tuberculosis disease. Statistics show that 7-10% of children have symptoms of tuberculosis. Such children are observed in a tuberculosis dispensary, where they are initially given chemoprophylaxis. Three months later, the child is transferred under the supervision of a local doctor. After a year, the Mantoux test is repeated. If the sensitivity disappears, then such children are observed as healthy. If sensitivity increases, we can talk about an actively developing infection.
How to assess the hazard with a positive test
A positive reaction does not mean 100% of the presence of the disease. However, there are risk factors that need to be addressed:
- sensitivity from vaccination increases from year to year;
- differences in readings compared to last year by 6 or more millimeters (this year the size is 16, last year it was 10);
- stay in places where tuberculosis infection is present in large numbers;
- contact (even temporary) with patients with this disease;
- there are or were relatives in the family who suffered from tuberculosis.
There are two stages of tuberculosis:
- Latent stage.
- Active stage.
Dangerous are people who are in the active stage of the disease. Signs of an active stage are: a sufficiently strong cough that lasts for three or more weeks; severe chest pain; viscous sputum with blood; increased weakness and fatigue; chills and fever; weight loss; loss of appetite.
With a latent form, a person is infected with tuberculosis, but is not contagious to others. In addition, this form proceeds without symptoms and the person does not suspect that there is an infection in it.
Patients who have been treated for two weeks are harmless to others.
In which cases do not get the Mantoux vaccine
The answer to the question: "When you can not do Mantoux for a child?" following:
- if the child is sick with various infectious diseases both in acute and in chronic form;
- if the child is sick with skin diseases;
- if the child is in a team where quarantine for childhood infections is in effect;
- if the child is allergic;
- if the child is sick with bronchial asthma;
- if the child is sick with epilepsy.
Mantoux test can be done only a month after the child's recovery. If you make it to a sick person, then it is impossible to get a true result. In such cases, additional studies are always prescribed in the form of an x-ray or tomography.
If an adult is vaccinated, then the answer to the question of when you can not do Mantoux will be one-for-one: "With the same diseases as the child."
Rules of conduct after vaccination
Mantoux results may be affected by vaccine abuse. Every adult should know what is impossible after the Mantoux vaccination. Following vaccination, the following actions are not allowed:
- Mantoux can not be processed with brilliant green;
- you can not scratch the place where the vaccine was given;
- you can not strongly press the place with clothes;
- Mantoux cannot be wetted with liquids: water, peroxide, alcohol;
- Do not stick with adhesive tape.
Next, we consider the answer to the question: "Made Mantoux: what can not be eaten?"
Vaccination Nutrition Bans
So, your child was given Mantoux. Do not eat foods that the child has not eaten before, doctors say at receptions in the hospital.
In addition, one should not pay attention to poor appetite. This condition will last two or three days, no more.
You should not refuse from plentiful drink. Especially in case of vomiting, diarrhea and fever.
If the temperature rises above 38.5 º, it is necessary to give an antipyretic drug. If the temperature is below the indicated value, then the drug should not be given. The baby’s immune system fights infection.
After Mantoux, one cannot introduce new products that are not known to the child into the diet, as well as those products that can cause an allergic reaction. It must be remembered that Mantoux is a vaccination, that citrus fruits cannot be eaten. A complete list of products is presented above.
In addition to nutrition, you need to know that the post-vaccination period is important for the child. At this time, it is necessary to warn him against the occurrence of intestinal infection and colds. You can’t visit public places and take it with you on trips for two months after vaccination. Precautions do not depend on what the Mantoux reaction was .
What not to eat? There are no allergenic foods (milk, nuts, chocolate,
citrus fruits and fish), and new foods are recommended to be introduced a week after vaccination.
If parents have a question about what a child should not eat after Mantoux, then you should know that cases of abstinence from food are the same as before vaccination.
After receiving the answer to the above questions, the conclusion suggests itself that in all cases the eating behavior should be the same.