One of the main criteria in the diagnosis is hemoglobin in a blood test. The designation will be considered in this article. Indicators of its level can help in the recognition of many diseases.
The correctness of the prescribed treatment, the course of the process and the final result directly depend on the correctness of the diagnosis. It is for this that the method of analysis of blood indicators is used.
The total amount of hemoglobin in the blood can be found thanks to a general clinical analysis. In modern practice, analysis on the level of the indicator is not carried out separately, but it should be taken into account that deviations from the norms not only help to start the treatment process on time, but also help to avoid a number of negative consequences of the disease.
Values below the established norms indicate the transition of a number of diseases to a level with a point of irreversibility. Consider in more detail the hemoglobin in the blood test, the designation will also be given.
What is blood hemoglobin?
In simple terms, hemoglobin in human blood is a special kind of protein that basically has a combination of protein origin and iron. It is contained in red blood cells, in other cells hemoglobin indicators are absent. The content of iron-containing proteins in red blood cells occupy up to ninety percent of the cells; according to their chemical composition, they are assigned to the group of chromopeptides due to the complex connection with non-protein components.
It is the Latin name of the two main components that became the basis of the name "hemoglobin": "heme" - an iron-containing group and "globin" - a protein base. The structure of the molecule is 4 to 1 in the ratio of iron to protein. All this is hemoglobin in the blood test. Its designation is known to many.
By species in the human body, the following names of this compound are distinguished:
- physiological;
- pathological.
Physiological indicators are designated in the analyzes as HGB.
RBC is a measure of red blood cell count. They are often interconnected.
The pathological name was given to elements that have deviations in physical and chemical properties, and their manifestations are due to the presence of congenital defects of the human body.
Glycated hemoglobin, what does it show? Consider this question below.
The role of hemoglobin for the human body
The main functional significance is determined by the ability to transfer oxygen to all organs and cells of the structure of the human body and remove spent carbon dioxide beyond its limits. In fact, he is generally responsible for the respiratory system, the regulation of the acid-base balance of blood cells.
Adapting oxygen received from the external environment, it carries it to all tissues, organs and systems of the body through the blood vessels, supports metabolism and the return of the spent substance to the environment. Transportation processes are continuous.
Designation in analyzes
How to find hemoglobin in a blood test. Its designation has already been discussed above.
These are Latin letters Hb or HGB.
Content Level Guidelines
The level of hemoglobin in the blood in people depends on a number of physiological indicators, which include the following standards:
1. Gender:
- under the norm for males, it is customary to take general indicators from 130 to 170 grams per liter;
- for women, the limits are from 120 to 150 grams per liter;
- for babies up to the age of two, an elevated level of fetal hemoglobin is characteristic, this phenomenon is absolutely normal.
2. Characteristic features of the method of obtaining analysis results.
Answering the question - glycated hemoglobin, which shows, we can say the following. The biochemical version of the study shows the separation of the amount into hydrolyzed and fetal protein.
The standard accepts values from four to six percent of the hydrolyzed protein content and one percent for the fetal level. It is customary to start from these standards when deciphering the obtained values; exceeding them indicates the presence of serious diseases.
3. Pregnancy. In women in this position, the norm is considered to be a decrease in the level to one hundred and ten grams per liter. This amount is enough for the development of the fetus. But the pregnant woman's diet should be subjected to strict control to maintain it. Decrease in indicators below this line can lead to fetal oxygen starvation.
This is how hemoglobin is important in a blood test. Its designation is often found on medical forms.
Methods for determining the level and its calculations
The indicators are determined during a general clinical blood test in specialized laboratories. It is there that all indicators are deciphered. To obtain them, the following methods are used.
- Colorimetric method.
- Gasometric technique.
- Molecular determination of iron in a molecule.
The most accurate data are obtained using the last two methods.
The content is taken based on one liter of human blood by the amount of protein and iron contained in red blood cells.
Rules for Submission of Analysis
- An analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach.
- Before the analysis, high physical activity is unacceptable.
- Long stays on the street can change the level upward.
Decryption process
The obtained indicators show the presence of an increased or decreased level of hemoglobin in the blood cells.
Lowering the level ensures the person has poor health and the following symptoms:
- state of depression and drowsiness;
- the presence of a pale color in the skin and dark circles under the eyes;
- fast onset process of general fatigue;
- in children - a delay in the level of development.
The average hemoglobin content mch denotes the average indicator of this protein in red blood cells, shows the mass of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell and is calculated by the following formula:
MCH = Hb (g / l) / erythrocyte count x 10 -12.
Normally, MCH in humans is 24-34 pg. If deviations are detected, then this may indicate the presence of pathology.
An increase in level warns of health problems in the following systems of the human body:
- pathology of the excretory system and kidneys;
- the presence of irreversible changes in the pulmonary and cardiovascular system.
Conclusion
Depending on the interpretation of the indicators, treatment and the collection of an additional medical history are prescribed. We examined the basic designations of blood test indicators.