Blood transfusion: biological sample and blood group compatibility chart

Blood transfusion is a very complex and dangerous procedure, which should be carried out under the strict supervision of doctors and only after a biological sample of the material is done. With its help, not only the blood group and its rhesus are determined, but also find out whether the patient’s blood is compatible with donor blood.

Features of the procedure

A biological test is carried out in a certain way according to a scheme approved by specialists. In another way, this type of diagnosis is called a compatibility check between the donor and the patient.

During testing, the patient is injected three times the blood of the donor. First, 25 ml of raw material is introduced, after which the system is closed. If for a certain time (3 minutes) no changes in the patient's condition are observed, then enter the same dose and again take a three-minute break. Then another 25 ml of blood is injected and pause.

If, after the lapse of time, there are no changes in the patient’s condition, this indicates that the blood of the donor suits him. In the event that the patient begins to behave restlessly, his pressure rises, his breathing becomes difficult, this may indicate incompatibility.

The most dangerous thing is to carry out a blood transfusion to a patient in a coma. In this case, it will be difficult to notice changes in well-being. In this state, incompatibility is manifested by increased heart rate and a drop in blood pressure.

During a biological test, blood should flow in a jet. This is a prerequisite that helps prevent large amounts of blood transfusion.

Transfusion procedure

For biological samples, disposable kits are used. The system should contain detailed instructions for its use. An open system cannot be used, as this can lead to the development of an infection in the patient.

Before filling the system, the healthcare provider must thoroughly mix the blood with plasma. To do this, the bottle is moved up and down several times. The cap of the bag is treated with alcohol and only then open. This is done with sterile scissors. While the system is filling with blood, it is necessary to monitor the ongoing process. A biological sample during a blood transfusion requires constant monitoring by the health workers of the patient's condition.

Sample rules

Before proceeding with transfusion, it is necessary to perform a blood sampling from a donor, determine its group and Rhesus, and also conduct similar tests by taking the patient’s blood. After that, prepare the material for the test.

When transfusion, they can use the material available in the bank or take a blood sample from a donor invited to donate it for a particular patient. If blood bank stocks are taken, then the package is necessarily examined for integrity, the expiration date is checked.

A biological test for blood transfusion is performed during each procedure, even if the group and the Rhesus match. During this manipulation, the patient is assessed at each stage of the test. At the end of the transfusion, a special form is filled.

Before and after the procedure

Before carrying out a biological test, it is necessary to ensure the correct storage of blood collected from the donor. To do this, it is placed in the refrigerator, and before use it is allowed to warm up (at least half an hour).

For emergency transfusion, you can use special warming in a water bath (blood temperature should be no more than 35 degrees). After that, the material is left indoors at room temperature.

A biological sample before transfusion is carried out regardless of the volume of blood that is supposed to be administered. Also, tests are carried out before repeated transfusions and when using each new package, even if the blood will be used the same.

After the procedure, the bag with the remaining blood is stored for at least three days. If the patient's health worsens, doctors will be able to identify the cause and quickly provide the necessary assistance in full.

When transfusion, you can not pour other medicines into the blood. Only the use of sodium chloride is allowed, but only as a supplement and according to an individual scheme.

Compatibility

There is a blood transfusion compatibility table that shows which group and rhesus material is appropriate for the patient.

Compatibility table

The condition of the patient after transfusion

After the procedure, the patient must ensure compliance with bed rest for several hours. Hourly, he measured body temperature, monitored blood pressure, assess urination. If the urine turns red, then this indicates hemolysis.

To prevent serious violations, take a blood and urine test the day after the transfusion. If the tests show the norm, then you can safely carry out a second procedure. Subsequent observations of the patient by a specialist are assigned individually and depend on the patient’s health status and pathology.

With serious ailments, monitoring is carried out regularly in a hospital. Mandatory delivery of urine, UAC. At the same time, they diagnose leukopenia and other pathological manifestations.

Do not let the patient go right after the procedure. Ideally, if everything went well, the patient should stay under the supervision of doctors for at least a day, in extreme cases, patients are released earlier, but not less than three hours after the transfusion.