Can you create or sign the Angiosperms Organs scheme yourself? Grade 7 studies this topic in a botany course. If this task is causing you difficulty, then check out our article.
What plants are called angiosperms?
This systematic group occupies a dominant position in the system of the organic world. At the present stage, it has more than 250 species. Signs of the Angiosperms department are the presence of flowers and fruits. Seeds have a supply of nutrients and develop in the ovary of the pestle. This provides reliable protection against the negative effects of the environment. The life forms of Angiosperms, or Flowering, can be represented by herbs, shrubs, or trees.
Organs of Angiosperms: scheme
Let's start by defining the concept. An organ is a part of a plant that occupies a certain position, has a characteristic structure associated with the functions performed. They can be classified by location. Such a scheme of organs of angiosperms can be represented as follows:
- The underground part is the root.
- The aerial part is the shoot, the structural parts of which are the stem, leaves, buds and flowers.
Organ Classification
There are also distinguished vegetative and generative organs of angiosperms. It is impossible to distinguish them on a diagram or photograph, since this classification is functional. Vegetative organs provide growth, mineral nutrition, and photosynthesis. This is the root, stem and leaves. Their function is also vegetative propagation. During this process, a new organism develops from the multicellular part of the mother.
Generative organs provide sexual reproduction. This group includes flower, fruit, and seed. Consider the structure of each organ in more detail.
Vegetative organs
This group of organs of angiosperms, the scheme and structure of which we consider in our article, fully ensures the viability of the organism. The root absorbs water from the substrate with a solution of mineral salts, fixes the plant in the soil, and accumulates nutrients.
The stem, which is the axial part of the shoot, determines the spatial position. This organ is the basis of the aerial parts, is a kind of "transport highway" between the root and leaves. The latter is a lateral escape honor. Two major processes are carried out in the leaves - photosynthesis (the formation of organic substances from minerals due to the energy of solar radiation) and transpiration (evaporation of water).
Generative breeding
Among the organs of angiosperms, the arrangement of which is presented below, an important place is occupied by a flower. This is a modified shoot that carries out sexual reproduction. Its main parts are the pestle and stamen, in which the reproductive cells, the gametes, are located. The process of their merging, or fertilization, is always preceded by pollination. This is the name for the transfer of male gametes from the anther of the stamen on the stigma of the pestle. The merger of germ cells occurs in its lower expanded part - the ovary.
For Angiosperms, a double fertilization process is characteristic. What is the essence of this process? Two cells are located in the ovary of the pestle: sexual and central germinal. Each of them merges with the male gamete. Their result is the formation of an embryo surrounded by a supply of nutrients (endosperm). Together, these structures form a seed. Outside it is covered with a peel that protects the embryo from temperature extremes and mechanical damage.
Look closely at the organ diagram of Angiosperms. What structure have we not yet named? Naturally, it is a fruit. This organ is formed as a result of the development of a flower. In turn, it consists of seeds and pericarp, which can be juicy or dry. An apple, achene, caryopsis, berry, pumpkin, capsule, drupes, etc. There are many types of fruits, but they are united by their functions. These include the development, protection and distribution of seeds.
Benefits of Flowering
We examined the features of the structure and location of organs of angiosperms. The gymnasium department scheme will look different. Surely you have already guessed that there will be no flowers, and hence no fruits. Remember what a spruce or pine looks like. Their seeds develop on the scales of cones openly and are not protected by anything. When ripe, they spill out onto the substrate and germinate only under favorable conditions. This is enough heat and light. And they are far from always. Angiosperms do not experience such difficulties. Favorable conditions are created inside the ovary for the full development of seeds, and the fruits provide heat, additional moisture and nutrition.
We hope that now pupils of the 7th grade will be able to not only sign the scheme "Angiosperm Plant Organs", but also draw it up on their own.