Prevention of offenses is an important issue that includes any class teacher. Let us analyze the significance of such activities, as well as those activities that can be carried out in educational institutions in this direction.
Relevance of the problem
The state considers childhood an important and crucial stage in human life, based on the principles of priority preparation for a full life in society. Special attention is paid to the formation of the younger generation of social and creative activity, high moral qualities: citizenship and patriotism.
Economic and social problems that are characteristic of modern Russian society have significantly reduced the institution of the family and weakened its influence on the education of adolescents.
As a result of this process, the number of street children is growing, the spread of drugs and various psychotropic drugs, alcoholic beverages is increasing.
More than 300 thousand criminal crimes committed by minors take place in the country every year.
About one hundred thousand acts are committed by children who have not reached the age of criminal responsibility. For example, domestic violence, an increase in the number of children left without parental care.
It is teachers who must think over and organize measures for the prevention of alcoholism, conduct explanatory work with parents, adolescents in the classroom, classroom hours, and after school hours.
School Objectives
Prevention of juvenile alcoholism is a direct responsibility of educational institutions. Teachers conduct serious work with cool teams aimed at forming ideas about a healthy lifestyle in the younger generation.
In addition, teachers provide students with psychological support, identify families who are in a socially dangerous situation.
A full-fledged program for the prevention of alcoholism contributes to the formation of a favorable climate in the family.
Prevention of diseases, addictions, asocial behavior cannot be carried out without the systemic formation of the features of a healthy lifestyle in adolescents, children, and youth.
All the activities that the teacher plans in the classroom have a certain direction.
Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents is carried out not only in the classroom hours, extracurricular activities, but also by attracting the younger generation to various actions related to the formation of the skills of proper social behavior.
Speaking about the prevention of the abuse of narcotic and psychotropic substances, first of all, parents of schoolchildren should be introduced to the activity.
Theoretical aspects
Prevention of alcoholism among minors should begin with an explanation of the terms of alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking.
Addiction is called addiction, a painful attraction to the constant use of drugs, which leads to significant violations of physical and mental functions.
Substance abuse is a disease that is caused by the consumption of toxic substances, that is, the use of caffeine, a tranquilizer, inhalation of aromatic substances.
When intoxicated, visual hallucinations appear. In the process of using drugs, toxic compounds, a teenager develops physical and mental dependence, the desire to satisfy the need for a drug by any means.
Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents contributes to the timely prevention of addiction. When talking about the dangers of alcohol, a teacher can engage health workers. They will explain to adolescents that the abuse of alcohol leads to social and moral degradation of the individual. Such a dependence develops gradually, accompanied by complex processes in the body, which are characterized by irreversible changes. Alcohol is becoming an indispensable element for regulating and maintaining metabolic processes.
Teenage years
Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents is necessary, since behavioral and physiological characteristics of development are characteristic of this age. All children go through the stage of "monkeys", which, imitating the rest of their peers, copy their features. Such a behavioral feature of childhood in psychology is called a simulation reaction. It is considered natural, necessary for a full psychological development. In such situations, the child learns to try on different social roles, build relationships with other people.
Due to the insufficient formation at this age of the analytical and prognostic component of mental activity, adolescents cannot pick up the right role models.
In order for the prevention of alcoholism among adolescents to be effective and efficient, parents of students should come to the aid of teachers.
They introduce children to “legal drugs”: nicotine, alcohol.
Watching adults, a teenager learns about the tradition of drinking alcohol on holidays. The child begins to perceive this as a necessity when creating an atmosphere of fun, celebration in the house.
In an effort to be like dad, mom, their friends, teens try alcohol for the first time. The results of psychological studies indicate that the majority of adolescents committing offenses were brought up in dysfunctional families. Mistakes in family education push the child to the abyss of alcohol and drug addiction. No innovative methods will bring the desired result if the formed units are not supported in the family.
Organization of psychological and pedagogical work
Prevention of alcoholism in the school is carried out as part of an educational program. This activity is supervised by a social educator.
The success of all the anti-drug activities of a teacher depends on how effectively a plan of measures for the prevention of alcoholism is thought out.
Lecture
This form is the most popular option for pedagogical prevention. How to increase its efficiency? You can choose it as an independent form when working with high school students who can perceive a large amount of theoretical information by ear.
The duration of lectures in elementary school should not exceed 10-15 minutes. They need to be combined with role-playing training.
For such events, you can use the services of police officers, medical workers. Teenagers perceive these specialists much better than ordinary school teachers.
Polls
The process of organizing pedagogical crime prevention involves a variety of anonymous surveys. They perform several important functions:
- allow you to analyze the effectiveness of preventive activities;
- the received information makes it possible to identify the most important areas of the teacher’s further work;
- questionnaire results can be an indicator of the effectiveness of ongoing preventive activities.
Trainings
This form is organized for communication in groups. Such classes can successfully solve many problems of the formation of the personality of a teenager, to cope with which the teacher fails in other ways. Trainings should be carried out only by qualified specialists - psychologists. Such classes are carried out only with adolescents who have reached the age of fifteen.
The guys get excellent interpersonal interaction skills, gain additional competence in the field of communication. When working in a group, adolescents master different styles of communication, realize the danger of drinking alcohol.
Role-playing games
Their teachers are used in working with adolescents not only during lessons, but also in the process of extracurricular activities. “Trying on” various roles, students learn constructive communication, learn to resist external pressure, and study effective behavioral patterns in difficult situations of drug-related infection.
Such training, which precedes the real encounter of a teenager with an attempt to stupefy him, is quite useful.
Losing a variety of options for the child to refuse to offer alcoholic drinks, the teacher forms a negative attitude to bad habits in his pupils. Particularly effective role-playing games in working with adolescents who already have experience in the use of intoxicating substances.
Project activities
He appeared at the beginning of the last century in the United States. Currently, design technology has become a full-fledged component of pedagogical systems. This method focuses on the independent work of adolescents aimed at preventing the use of alcoholic beverages.
Conclusion
The organization of effective preventive activities involves the inclusion of certain activities in the work plan with the classroom team. Conversations aimed at preventing adolescents from drinking alcoholic beverages can be held on the following topics: “On alcohol frankly”, “Health and alcohol”, “Let's say drunkenness“ No! ”,“ Criminal liability for drinking alcohol by minors ”.
To attract attention to the problem of child alcoholism, schools include various actions in the work plan. They are aimed at the formation in the younger generation of interest in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the formation of proper nutrition skills. For example, such a large-scale campaign could be a school-wide campaign in which not only children and teachers, but also parents of schoolchildren will take part.