Let's talk about how drawing should be in the first younger group. At present, federal educational standards have been introduced in preschool institutions. They imply the conduct of all developmental activities with preschoolers according to certain rules.
Program features
Drawing in the first younger group of kindergarten is carried out according to various methods. Let us analyze some of them in order to understand the relevance of carrying out such activities in preschool institutions.
The Importance of Fine Art
Drawing (GEF) in the first junior group is included in the program of visual activities. Children not only draw, but also make various applications, are engaged in modeling, which is necessary for the comprehensive development of the personality of preschool children.
Drawing in the first younger group attracts kids by the fact that they independently create something beautiful and original. In children, the personal experience gained by them through the senses accumulates and expands. It is advisable to involve children in active visual activity from 2-3 years of age.
A variety of drawing in the first younger group is carried out according to a program developed by M. A. Vasilyeva.
Program purpose
It includes not only drawing in the first younger group, but also modeling, applications. Classes are arranged in a certain order, in order of increasing complexity. If necessary (taking into account the individual characteristics of children), some adjustment of the content of classes, as well as a change in the sequence of their conduct, is possible.
The program must take into account the regional characteristics of the territory, the orientation of the preschool institution.
Program Provisions
Drawing with cotton buds in the first younger group is carried out taking into account the following theoretical provisions:
1. Such visual activity in a preschool institution is an integral part of educational and upbringing work, it has a connection with various directions.
For the full development and upbringing of the child, the connection between modeling, drawing and active play is important. Unconventional painting in the first younger group increases the interest of preschool children in art. The teacher uses a variety of forms of communication between the game and artistic creativity.
For example, children paint napkins to decorate a table in the doll's corner. In addition, the teacher uses a variety of game techniques and methods. Children draw friends for their favorite toy, sculpt treats for pets.
Plasticine and paints for children turn into an interesting game filled with pleasant surprises.
2. For the formation of children's imagination and creativity, it is important to create a developing aesthetic environment.
Paints for children successfully cope with this task. Toddlers get involved in an exciting and exciting process. Together with the teacher, they become real graphic designers. Children's pencil drawings, as well as watercolors turn into decorations, they decorate the walls in a group.
Of particular importance for the formation of an artistic taste among preschoolers is the correct selection of materials, as well as the goodwill of teachers to their pupils.
3. For the development of abilities, knowledge of phenomena and objects is necessary.
Children's pencil drawings help develop finger motility. While working on a drawing, a preschool child forms a figurative idea of the size of the subject, it is fixed by the brain. With the constant enrichment and development of such an experience, the creation of the correct idea of different objects and phenomena occurs.
Drawing flowers in the first younger group allows you to teach children the formative movements of the hands. With a gradual transition from simple shapes to complex geometric shapes, the preschooler learns to portray various phenomena and objects of the world.
Finger painting in the first younger group is different from the sculpting process. Drawing involves the transfer of contour lines, and modeling is associated with volume, mass. Thanks to the mastery of formative movements, children get complete freedom for creativity. For example, at the first stage, the kids simply trace the patterns with their finger, getting an idea of the artwork.
Psychologists are convinced that it is drawing, applications, modeling that positively affect the imagination, thinking, attention, memory of the child. In addition, artistic creativity contributes to the development of independence, creative activity of children, which is one of the main tasks set by the Ministry of Education for teachers of preschool institutions.
The teacher encourages children to analyze the work done. For example, drawing in the first junior group on the theme “Winter” can be turned into a real holiday. First, the guys with the help of paints depict their associations related to winter, New Year's holidays. Then the pictures “come to life”, preschoolers come up with interesting and unusual fairy-tale stories with them.
It is advisable to complete the drawing in the first younger group on the theme “winter” by collective viewing of all the images made by the guys. You can also arrange a colorful exhibition for parents before the New Year's matinee.
Each age group has its own distinctive features, therefore, the teacher adjusts classes for visual activities. The number of colors in the palette is gradually increasing, the task is complicated. We offer options for classes that can be carried out with kids in a preschool.
Features of the program for visual activities
Classes are aimed at developing aesthetic perception, the formation of a sense of joy and beauty. In the drawing process, movements with two hands on the subject, its girth, work on the contour are gradually included.
Thanks to the creation of a positive emotional mood, preschoolers get an idea of the features of making an applique, drawing.
Drawing
In the classroom, children are offered topics that would help convey the beauty and uniqueness of the world around them, and form a respectful attitude towards the surrounding living objects in the younger generation. Drawing in the first younger group on the theme of "Autumn" involves the image of multi-colored falling leaves. In the process, the kids learn to work according to the pattern, mix paints. The teacher develops in his wards the skills of the correct capture of a pencil, brush, felt-tip pen.
It controls the correct operation of the brush, checks the relaxation of the hand during brush movements. During the lessons, the children develop accuracy, because they must dip the brush in water to remove the remnants of one paint, apply a different color to the brush. The teacher teaches preschoolers to work with a paper napkin. The guys gently dry the brush on a cloth or napkin to remove excess water.
To consolidate the acquired skills, you can draw in the first younger group on the topic "Pets". The topic of the lesson is chosen by chance. Indeed, in addition to instilling fine skills in preschool children, the development of children is also part of the educator's task. When drawing favorite pets, kids not only improve their artistic skills, but also form an idea of the appearance of the animal, its distinguishing features.
No less informative will be drawing in the first junior group, Wild Animals. After the kids get an idea of pets, you can move on and offer them to portray other representatives of the animal world.
To fix the idea of color names among the children, the teacher can hold interesting games. To familiarize the kids with decorative activities, one of the activities can be devoted to the manufacture of New Year's toys. Ready-made jewelry can be used to decorate the New Year's beauty, posed in a group.
For teaching rhythmic application of strokes, spots, strokes, lines, images of snow, falling leaves, and raindrops are ideal.
In order to bring preschoolers to the image of rectangular, rounded objects, as well as combinations of several shapes, you can draw trailers with a train, tumblers, snowmen.
Through repeated repetition of simple storylines, such as Christmas trees, bugs, butterflies, the teacher teaches the child to arrange the depicted objects evenly across the sheet.
During classes in art, the teacher teaches his students to create small plot compositions. Such activity captivates children, stimulates the development of their imagination, creative imagination.
Requirements for the skills of preschool children after painting
By the end of the first year of training in drawing, children should demonstrate emotional responsiveness when viewing a variety of illustrations, considering natural objects, works of art craft.
They should easily recognize materials that can be used to draw pictures, distinguish colors, and have an idea of folk toys (matryoshka, tumbler).
In addition, preschoolers should depict simple compositions with felt-tip pens, pencils, paints, think over the simple plot of their artwork. The requirements for children who have completed the first year of drawing in kindergarten are subject to federal state standards:
- select a color gamut taking into account the features of the image;
- correctly hold markers, pencil, paints, brush;
- Choose a composition from several items.
Variant of distribution of program material for the school year
In the fall, you can plan an introductory lesson in which the guys get acquainted with pencils. In addition to holding it correctly in the hand, the teacher must teach the kids to leave a pencil mark on paper. Then the children draw a finger along the lines made by them in order to remember the features of different configurations and objects.
In order to maximize the effect of the lesson, in addition to drawing, you can also offer the children modeling of objects of different shapes. For example, if preschoolers draw pencil circles on paper, they will also have to mold them from plasticine.
The second lesson can be done on the topic "Rain." His goal will be to teach the kids the transfer of the images that they see in everyday life, on paper. During the lesson, children learn to draw short lines and small strokes, hold a pencil in their hands. Using game techniques in the lesson, the teacher develops the desire to draw in his kids.
Colored ball strings
This lesson is aimed at introducing kids to straight lines. Complementing the straight and even lines to the balls, children form an idea of the image of objects. In the process of work, a preschool child develops an aesthetic perception of the resulting image.
To develop the skill of drawing solid lines, you can conduct a lesson on the topic "Striped rug." The teacher shows the children his work, explains what colors he used in the work. Further, children are invited to show imagination and create their own creations. In order for the kids to develop their imagination, they are not limited in the choice of colors.
In addition to pencils, such a lesson is also carried out with a brush. Kids learn to draw paint on the brush, gently distribute it on the surface of the paper to get a beautiful and even layer. In addition, at the lesson, preschoolers also acquire the ability to remove an extra drop from the brush, rinse the brush in water, apply a new color of paint to it. The teacher continues to acquaint children with the color palette, forms their idea of the possible mixing of several colors.
In the lesson on the topic “Multi-colored carpet of leaves” aesthetic perception develops, imaginative ideas about objects and natural objects are formed. Kids learn to lower the brush with a full pile into the chosen paint, to draw with it leaflets of a certain shape.
In the lesson “Colored balls”, preschoolers draw continuous circular lines in smooth movements, without tearing a pencil or felt-tip pen from the paper. During the lesson, the teacher invites them to use different colors to see the beauty of the resulting palette.
When drawing multi-colored soap bubbles, children get the skills to properly hold a pencil in their hand, which will be useful to them during training at school. In addition, the lesson involves the development of color perception, since different colors are offered to preschoolers for work.
Among the interesting options for classes, we highlight such drawing lessons in kindergarten, during which the kids get the opportunity to independently think through the plot of the future drawing. This approach stimulates the development of creative thinking of preschoolers, helps them to develop imagination.
Conclusion
All drawing classes held at a young preschool age, are aimed at developing the individual abilities of preschoolers, the formation of their sense of aesthetics. Children not only get the initial skills of working with pencils, paints, a brush, but also develop imagination, form an idea of the shape, size of various objects.
Depending on what form it is proposed to represent to preschool children, certain skills are formed in them. For example, when portraying colorful balls or balls, kids, in addition to forming an idea of round objects, will experience positive emotions. This is important for the formation of their positive attitude not only to drawing, but also to any other kind of art. In addition to drawing, it is advisable to include modeling in the program, as well as the creation of colorful applications.
The combination of different forms of work, the addition of their play activities contributes to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. An interesting solution would be to create a combined panel, in which there are elements of drawing, modeling, application.
Before the New Year holidays, kids with their teacher can prepare such original gifts for mothers and fathers. With the help of paints, a substrate is formed on which a Christmas tree with colorful toys is created in the form of an application. An element of modeling can be made a bunny who is trying to hide under a green beauty.
For the development of creative imagination in preschool children at drawing lessons, the educator can propose to draw something round, oval, triangular, rectangular in shape. Children not only remember geometric shapes, but also begin to think figuratively, which contributes to the development of their intellectual abilities.
The teacher at each lesson instills in his pupils a love of painting and art. At the end of the year, babies should have developed the basic skills of applying straight, smooth lines to paper. They must correctly hold a brush in their hand, apply smears of the desired color with it, and obtain beautiful images.