The basic principles of preschool education should be known to every teacher who has chosen this area of work for himself. It is equally important to orient students in the field of education for teachers and teachers, since such categories of people should have an idea of the rules for interacting with all age groups. Preschool education involves working with children from two months of age to 7 years, includes the development of intelligence, personality, physical condition of the child.
What is it about?
The basic principles of preschool education are determined by the focus of such work on human development. The task of educators is to provide all the conditions for improving the mind and body of the baby, for a normal, healthy formation of his personality. The minimum age limit allowing the start of training is two months. It can be continued until the age of seven. Educational tasks are carried out by staff of special institutions. Most often, children are sent to kindergartens organized by the state or private entrepreneurs. Similar educational tasks are solved by centers devoted to early development and education before entering the elementary school.
Observing the basic principles of preschool education, educators and teachers should explain to the child what the cultural base of society is. The child gets an idea of the world around him, learns the correct behavior. Teachers working with children provide opportunities to grow and develop in the intellectual sphere, instill an idea of the beautiful. It is at this early age that a common understanding of aesthetics is laid.
Kindergarten
The current basic principles of preschool education determine the significance of such an institution as the very first public institution that teaches minors to survive in society. In the kindergarten, the child independently contacts with other persons, interacts with them, learns to communicate. Playing, talking with children of a similar age, the baby learns skills, abilities, gets knowledge. The younger the child, the more pronounced the effect of imitation, which is largely the basis of kindergarten educational programs. In order for the newcomer to adapt to society, educators help him to join the environment. The task of the elders is to assist everyone who is faced with a problem situation.
As studies on the importance of observing the principles of preschool education show, children who have received education at home and have not attended special institutions are often much more difficult to adapt to school. It’s not easy for them to start training, because they lack the skills of interaction. At the same time, educational work in kindergarten is aimed at the development of volitional behavior. The child is taught to seek a compromise between their own and others' desires. The kid learns to protect their own interests with minimal damage to other people.
The significance of kindergarten
The current principles of preschool education require kindergartens to teach children self-regulation. The kid, being brought up in such an institution, must learn to choose some activity on his own, which then takes a reasonable amount of time. Such a skill is the basis for the organization of a person. Quality is equally important in schooling and in doing housework as you grow older.
Kindergarten is an institution where they form an environment that naturally gives everyone useful qualities. They are laid in the interaction in a playful way, without which education is unimaginable. The time spent on games at the same time gives the child the ability to be independent, negotiate and interact with others. Parenting is aimed at satisfying the need for communication, personal progress.
About the content
In recent years, approaches have changed in our country, followed by standards. The leading principles of GEF of preschool education require an innovative workflow and organization of work with children as scientifically, competently as possible, with a focus on results. The competency-based approach is a classic version, considered in detail by Khutorsky and Zimnaya in significant works. In the works published by them, the approach is recognized as modeling, aimed at improving the quality of the educational process and the result. Winter in her works focuses on the status of such an approach as a framework approach aimed at moving towards a predetermined result. GEF obliges to consider goals as the basis for choosing a strategy for upbringing and education. Through them, it is possible to modernize the educational system of the state in principle.
According to some, the basic principle of preschool education according to GEF should be designated poly-approach. This means that educators use several combining and complementary approaches in their work. In order to achieve a result set in advance, one can combine humanistic methods and a systematic approach, historical, cultural, personality-oriented, dialogical, activity-based approaches and a qualimetric method. Let's consider them in more detail.
From the very beginning
Often, in an exam, a teacher asks a student who is told about this methodology: “How do you understand the principle of preschool education based on culture and history?” This option involves combining educational work, children's education and training of the younger generation into a single complex, based on moral, spiritual values, general sociological and culturally significant phenomena. Be sure to take into account the rules prevailing over society, behavioral norms. In this case, the teacher uses these tools for the benefit and benefit of the child, each social unit and society as a whole.
The humanistic, in turn, is a method by which the implementation of principles in preschool education takes place with emphasis on the significance of the personality of each child. This technique requires the full development of each person before starting school. Work does not depend on habitat, gender or nationality, native dialect, psyche or physical characteristics of the student. All children have the right to equal treatment on the part of the educators responsible for working with preschool children.
System and personality orientation
One of the principles of preschool education in accordance with GEF is a systemic one, which has much in common with activity. Both options suggest assessing education as a flexible approach aimed at creating developmental conditions suitable for a particular person. They are aimed at identifying new opportunities and ensuring positive socialization of the person. These methods enable the individual to grow and develop, strengthen initiative and the ability to create through mutual work with the older generation and people of a similar age. An important nuance: this applies only to such a format of education that corresponds to the age of the child.
The personality-oriented principle of the education of a preschool-age child is supposed to put at the forefront the characteristics of the person. These are dictated not only by individual qualities, but also by belonging to the age group. The technique requires first of all to develop the ability of a small person and his potential in the field of creativity. The child himself is perceived as a subject of relations with himself, the surrounding society, elders.
Dialogue method
The basic principles of preschool education include an approach called dialogical in pedagogical science. He proposes to consider the educational process and the resulting relations between subjects as a dialogue in which persons with equal rights participate. Both the elders and the younger communicate, build a dialogue whose goal is the development of the child. This approach can be applied to one specific area, it can be covered several times. You can extend the method to several varieties of activity, apply it in cultural practice. The main idea of the approach is the formation of a full-fledged dialogue, communication in which all participants have equal rights.
Dialogue gives each participant the opportunity to form, process, learn the experience of social interaction in a specific situation against the background of personal improvement of the child. Relations that allow the application of this principle must be respectful, respecting the interests of all parties. Each person is unique and this fact should be appreciated. No less important is the recognition by adults of the intrinsic value of childhood. With the dialogical method, this period is perceived as unconditionally significant both in itself and as the foundation for further development. The format of interaction based on dialogue is accompanied by helping others to develop, while creating the conditions for personal growth.
Qualimetry and education
Qualimetric is such a principle of the system of preschool education, whose main idea is to assess the quality of work of the institution responsible for working with preschool children. A qualitative assessment, as is commonly believed in the framework of the theory, allows for the implementation of several educational functions, primarily organizational. Through quality assessment, you can understand how effective the work is, how significantly improving the culture of staff, parents. Organizational aspects affect the work with parents, their involvement in the educational process, as well as the examination of the work of teachers. The diagnostic function of qualimetry in the functioning of an educational institution is no less significant, since it involves monitoring the work of educators. You can evaluate how successfully the goals set for the institution are achieved, whether the current standards are met, and whether the services are of good quality. This includes evaluating the effectiveness of workflow.
Qualimetric is the principle of organizing preschool education, paying attention to the developing function of the institution. It includes an increase in the level of culture through the training of parents, staff, as well as self-education. These should affect the cultural foundations of the individual, professional status and general culture of behavior. The communicative function involves the equal rights of all subjects of work, due to interest and respect for each other.
About functions in more detail
Within the framework of the qualimetric principle, the standard of preschool education, the motivational function is important. Stimulation of each subject of work is meant. It takes into account how satisfied with the learning process and the space in which it is organized, students, their parents, staff. Motivational, incentive function is aimed at increasing the activity of all participants in the process due to the pedagogical abilities of the educators, the specifics of their personality.
Since qualimetric is one of the basic principles of preschool education, it is worth paying attention to its information function as one of the essential components. We are talking about the application in the workflow of methodological material appropriate to the case. The task of the teacher is not just to follow standards and general rules, but to introduce innovative approaches and technologies that make work more productive, efficient.
Integrity principle
According to experienced methodologists, the basic principles of preschool education are integrity and the pursuit of individuality, the complexity and unity of the tasks to be solved, along with interactivity. Integrity as a working principle is manifested in consciousness, stimulating the activity of all subjects of education. The student, his parents, and teaching staff are interested in achieving a high level of development. The holistic process of education involves the unity of education with training and educational work, so that a person constructively and effectively develops in all directions: physical form, intellect, social interaction, speech, and the desire for knowledge. Integrity obliges to harmoniously combine the components of the educational program, organizing pedagogical work so that the child can optimally develop.
Integrity as a principle of preschool education according to GEF suggests considering education as a focused integrated process, including educational, training activities. This is realized for the sake of the child, in his interests, as well as for the sake of society, family, and power. Parenting in the framework of this approach is perceived as work, whose goal is to develop the baby and create the conditions in which he will become a full-fledged part of society, preserving his personality.
Education and development
Modern principles of preschool education according to GEF suggest interpreting education as a process aimed at organizing education, mastering skills, information, and skills. His task is to make the child competent, to form a personal culture. The idea of teaching is to give the student independence and make him responsible, to lay the prerequisites for further comprehension of sciences and social relationships at school. Training provides the whole base that is needed for success in society.
The development of the student is a complex process of changes both in the quality of his psyche and physical form, and in quantitative indicators reflecting these areas. The development proceeds due to various endo-, exogenous factors, some of which can be controlled, the rest cannot be controlled.
Organizational and pedagogical conditions formed through the educational system give children basic competencies, without which it is impossible to survive the normal, full stages of childhood, enriching yourself personally with all the necessary knowledge and understanding. Slastenin drew attention to this in his works, pointing to the possibility of recognizing a harmonious, holistic personality only as a result of holistic education.
The principle of unity: nuances
This principle involves the formation of conditions for which the main goal is the development of the baby. This dominates both the teacher and the parents. When organizing work, you need to take into account the requirements, methods that are appropriate for the age and nuances of the person. Education is necessary for diverse personal progress and the emergence of competencies.
The individualization, according to which preschool education is organized, requires that the work be organized in such a way that the specific characteristics of each person involved in the work process are taken into account. The child is an active participant who also chooses what he will be taught. Thus, the student turns into a subject of work.
Integration and Integration
This aspect of the workflow involves the coordination of aspects of pedagogical work. It is necessary to take into account all stages from the preparation of the project to directly working with the child, his parents. An important point is the formation of methods for monitoring the success of work. In order for this principle to be adequately implemented, the basic competencies of teaching staff must be thought out in advance. The process of project formation, organization of work requires the use of special techniques developed for this.
The logical complement to this principle was integrability. The term hides the process of education corresponding to qualimetric theory and methodological support; aimed at education, personality formation, personality development. Organizational work obliges you to have specialized knowledge of the teacher, to implement systematically the competencies of such a specialist, and at the same time - the parents. Integration involves the elimination of gaps in the educational process, educational work, and training for preschoolers.
Methodology and quality
Methodological support for working with children involves the use of a set of organizational approaches and methodological tools aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of interaction with children. , , , – , . – , , , .