In modern conditions of social instability and the formation of the economy, the labor protection service at the enterprise began to play an important role. This is due to the fact that there are acute problems associated with the observance of the rights of workers of enterprises to good working conditions and safety.
Statistics show that in Russia over the past few years, in almost all sectors of the national economy, working conditions have noticeably worsened, and the number of industrial accidents has increased. The data also indicate that the number of accidents has increased, life expectancy has decreased, and there have been more cases of occupational diseases.
This article is devoted to questions about why labor protection at the enterprise is needed, where to start creating the corresponding service.
Statistics data
If we compare the fatal injuries of industrialized countries per 1000 workers, the picture will be as follows:
- Russia - 0.139;
- Finland - 0.038;
- United States - 0.054;
- Great Britain - 0.016;
- Japan - 0.02.
And a characteristic feature is that at state-owned enterprises this figure is two times less than at private enterprises.
Leaders of organizations should remember that safety should always be in the first place. There are few labor protection at an enterprise; it is always necessary to comply with the requirements set forth by relevant international standards at workplaces.
Legislation on labor protection
The legislation governing legal relations in the field of safety and labor protection is represented by the following laws and regulations:
- Constitution of the Russian Federation - article 37 clause 3;
- Labor Code: Articles 211-221;
- Federal law on labor protection;
- Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Articles 1064-1101 ;
- regulations of the Ministry of Health;
- Government Decisions.
The Federal Law says that employers of any organizations are obliged to comply with the requirements of laws regarding the safety of people, that the labor protection system at the enterprise must be organized without fail.
Employer Responsibilities
According to labor protection requirements, the head is obliged:
- create conditions in the workplace that must comply with the law;
- comply with the certification dates of jobs;
- when hiring an employee for his own money, conduct his medical examination, and without inspection not be allowed to work;
- at the time of planned or medically indicated examinations, the employee should retain his place of work and average salary.
Occupational Safety Standards
Fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements that the workplace must comply with, safe conditions, compensation in the event of harmful production - these are what labor safety at the enterprise is required to provide.
Documents, legislative acts of this direction are divided into normative and normative-technical.
The normative series of documents establishes standards for working conditions, that is, requirements for the level of harmful factors in the workplace. The documentation of this type is presented by the Standards - the requirements of the State Standard of the Russian Federation and the rules and regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
The normative and technical list of documentation consists of instructions, norms and rules. It is intended to provide comprehensive protection of employees - hired individuals - from the effects of harmful and dangerous to health factors.
Occupational Safety Unit Status
Each manager of the newly created enterprise has a logical question: "What should be the labor protection at the enterprise, where to start creating this service and what are its functions?"
This structure is engaged in the creation and control of healthy and safe working conditions for workers, and also monitors the occurrence of occupational diseases and the prevention of accidents.
The labor protection department is a structural subdivision of an enterprise with independent status, which reports directly to the director.
It conducts its activities jointly and in close cooperation with the trade union and other units of the organization, as well as local authorities in this area and the labor inspectorate.
Oversight Functions
This service is designed to perform the following control functions:
- establish mandatory labor protection control over the implementation by other services and units of the requirements for the prevention of occupational diseases and accidents and monitor their implementation;
- to control the timely correct development and submission of applications, which relate to the supply of workers with special equipment, work clothing, and protective equipment;
- control the implementation of new scientific developments in the field of work safety;
- carry out compliance checks with the technical requirements of the condition of equipment, systems, premises and buildings;
- monitor the state of the industrial environment.
Department functions
In addition to the supervisory ones, the unit is obliged to carry out work functions, which are as follows:
- identify causes and analyze the status of occupational morbidity and injuries in the workplace;
- carry out work on certification of workplaces and organize their sanitary-technical certification;
- instruct employees;
- carry out the development of plans with the aim of improving working conditions for health-improving measures;
- participate in the development of labor agreements;
- to participate in the work of commissions that are engaged in the commissioning of reconstructed or newly constructed production facilities;
- participate in commissions for certification of employees.
Occupational Safety Management
According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, ensuring the labor activity of workers in a safe mode lies with the head of the organization. He is responsible for the implementation of the relevant work, and when the first leader is absent, the baton is taken over by the chief engineer - this is provided for by his instruction (job). The labor protection engineer in this case is directly subordinate to him.
The service should be headed by a specialist who has experience in such work, is able to organize, manage and control it.
Employees of this service are required to have practical skills in the relevant industry and higher education in profile.
Training
The legislation of the Russian Federation on labor protection provides that without exception all employees of organizations, including managers, must undergo a knowledge test and training on labor protection.
The general procedure for this process establishes the Model Regulation, approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of 12.10.94 N 65.
According to this document, the first managers, that is, the director and chief engineer, as well as the members of the commissions that test knowledge on labor protection, must undergo training and testing of knowledge on labor protection at specialized courses.
A training program on labor protection is created specifically for enterprises in a particular industry, production or profession and is consistent with working conditions and the specifics of the organization.
The purpose of such training is to provide specialists and managers with the knowledge that is necessary to control the knowledge and training of the employees of their enterprise, as well as to ensure occupational health and safety at the enterprise as a whole.
In the learning process are studied:
- legal and legislative acts;
- powers and functions of state supervision bodies;
- duties and rights of state supervision in the field of monitoring compliance with the Laws;
- methods of creation and management of OT in the enterprise;
- harmful production factors, their impact and protection against them;
- the sequence of actions in the investigation and execution of accidents of occupational diseases;
- a list of hard, harmful and dangerous work, as well as the provision of compensation;
- public organizations for monitoring the observance of the interests of workers and their rights.
Creation of a labor protection unit
In organizations with more than a hundred employees, it is imperative that such a unit as labor protection at the enterprise be created. Where to start the formation of the corresponding service for the first leader?
The decision on how and which labor protection service will be created is made depending on the specifics of the enterprise.
In any case, first you need to:
- to study the staffing and categories of workers, the further direction of actions will depend on this;
- determine which of the workers will be able to perform the functions of public control in the workplace;
- to introduce an occupational safety and health engineer unit into the staff list;
- department specialists responsible for carrying out work in this area, and organization leaders must attend classes at the labor protection training center for forty hours;
- the order for the enterprise determines the measure of responsibility for violation of labor protection requirements and the list of officials falling under it;
- make changes to the structure of the enterprise and the staffing table related to the creation of a new unit, for which an appropriate order is issued (labor protection at the enterprise will consist of a department with such a number of specialists that will be calculated based on the number of employees of the organization in accordance with the Recommendations, which are an appendix to the Regulation on labor protection);
- develop job descriptions and familiarize them with the relevant employees;
- all types of briefing should be organized and secured by an appropriate order with terms and responsible persons.
Occupational Safety Unit Documentation
Any service in the enterprise should not only fulfill its functional duties, but also keep a list of accounting records corresponding to its work. This should also deal with occupational safety at the enterprise. Where to start the formation of her documents is discussed below.
The documentation required by the labor protection department is the following list:
- a list of issues that should be covered in briefings;
- the plan and logbooks of all types of briefings ;
- an accurate list, according to the specifics of the enterprise, professions and types of work requiring a mandatory systematic medical examination;
- schedules for routine medical examinations;
- a list of overalls and special equipment issued free of charge;
- a register of orders and orders;
- knowledge exam schedules;
- set of current instructions and labor protection instructions themselves;
- a list of hazardous work and orders for the appointment of those responsible for their implementation;
- hazardous work permit register;
- training program on labor protection and the timing of its implementation;
- register for the issuance of documents on labor protection;
- register and accident investigation reports;
- orders for those responsible for electric, gas facilities, operation of freight and lifting mechanisms, structures and buildings.