The solution to the problem of ensuring the safety of an educational institution is today under the close attention of the state. After all, pre-schools, schools, colleges and universities are the most vulnerable in terms of emergency situations, and their consequences are especially severe and, as a rule, cause strong social and political resonance not only in the country where they occurred, but also for it the limits.
That is why ensuring the safety of an educational institution is a very urgent task. Its decision is the totality of a whole range of measures taken not only by the employees of the public institution, but also by a number of different government bodies, services and structures.
Definition of a concept
According to the law of the Russian Federation “On Security”, the safety of an educational institution is understood as the totality of measures and measures of public education that are carried out in cooperation with public organizations, law enforcement agencies, bodies that are entrusted with the functions of local self-government, as well as other support services. Their implementation is intended not only to prevent emergency situations, but also to prepare for rational actions when they arise.
Safety culture
One of the tasks of the teaching staff of the educational institution is the formation of special behavioral motives for students related to the prevention of threats to their life and health.
For this, teachers need to develop a safety culture among their students. In doing so, they will need:
- to develop personality traits that contribute to its correct behavior in the world around us, which allows us to anticipate and avoid dangerous situations;
- to form the ability of each student to make safe decisions in the domestic environment;
- to inculcate skills, abilities and knowledge that contribute to the reduction of collective and individual risks;
- to develop the moral and psychological stability of students in the event of a particular emergency.
The formation and further development of a human safety culture is one of the components of the educational process. Carrying out work in this direction includes a whole system of methods of activity and knowledge, as well as norms, rules and values. The main function of all these elements is the formation of students' preparedness for the prevention of dangerous and harmful factors and their minimization.
Goals and objectives
The formation of safety culture among the students of the OS is necessary for:
- reducing the number of incidents in the educational institution;
- constant support of interest in fulfilling safety requirements, as well as labor protection rules;
- convincing OS employees and students of the importance of ongoing activities;
- fostering a conscious attitude to the need to reduce collective and individual risks;
- introducing the most modern means of safety and labor protection into the process of training and education;
- Creation in the OS of healthy conditions for study and professional activity.
Complete activities
The safety of an educational institution, which is a combination of the most diverse areas, has been developed and implemented in educational institutions relatively recently. The measures taken at the same time include many aspects. Among them are ensuring chemical and radiation safety, reducing a wide variety of technological and natural risks, protecting against terrorism, fire, etc. All these measures are aimed at prevention, as well as at the maximum reduction of damage in the form of human casualties and destruction of tangible property.
Integrated safety of an educational institution is an essential factor in ensuring normal conditions for conducting the learning process. Consider this system in more detail.
Educational institution security system
It is clear that law enforcement agencies are not able to effectively protect at the same time everyone and everywhere. That is why, as in other organizations, in an educational institution, the creation of a security system is one of the essential conditions for the implementation of its activities. What is she like? The security system of an educational institution is a combination of the most diverse means and methods interconnected and ordered by the head to reduce the risk of an emergency. With the correct selection of these elements, their best combination and convenient location, the security of the OS increases several times.
The main task of the head of the OS when organizing security in an educational institution is the effective integration of each of the components of such a system. Let's consider these elements in more detail:
- Subjects called to take security measures in educational institutions. These include the management of the Shelter itself, as well as its personnel and security, support, assistance and rescue services. In addition, the list of such entities includes law enforcement agencies and the district administration.
- Physical protection from the danger of the building in which the OS is located. This element includes lighting and fencing of the territory. The safety of a preschool educational institution must certainly include locks on doors and gates. Shelter protection is also ensured by installing window grilles, barriers and chains restricting visitors from entering, anti-ram devices and barriers at the entrance to the shelter.
- Security. The safety of children in educational institutions is ensured by its management, watchmen and watchmen. In addition, the administration of the educational institution should develop a package of documents relating to the organization of the adoption of the necessary protective measures for students. Also, security officers must undergo training and thoroughly know all safety instructions in an educational institution. In the event that actions arise that pose a threat to the life or health of children, prompt notification of the OS administration is necessary, the paths of which must also be provided in advance.
- Technical means. According to the safety requirements of educational institutions, they need to install alarm systems, smoke removal and fire extinguishing. In addition, video surveillance should be conducted. The OS administration will need to take care of the installation of metal detectors, alarm transmission systems, as well as electronic automatic access.
- Resource and financial support. This element of the security system of an educational institution is the allocation of certain funds. They are necessary to pay for the services of OS protection, to install and maintain a security alarm, as well as an “alarm” button. Financial support for the implementation of the security program of the educational institution will also be needed for the purchase of lighting and video surveillance equipment, automatic control of access to the shelter, as well as metal detectors and the repair or arrangement of new fences around the building. Payment of energy and other resources can be distinguished from monthly expenses.
- Organization of work with representatives of bodies representing local self-government, as well as the Ministry of Emergencies, the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. A similar element, designed to maintain the safety of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, is the coordination of measures providing for the verification of the territory and the building of the educational institution for the possibility of their explosion hazard, carried out by specialists of the cynological and engineering services. These measures are impossible without the distribution of responsibility between departments and without the exchange of information between them. The joint development, as well as the coordination of the security plan of the educational institution and the joint control of the activities of the private security company in the OS are important.
- Conducting educational work. The psychological safety of an educational institution can be achieved by training children in skills, abilities and willingness to act in the development of an emergency. For this, the work plan of the teaching staff should include classes on the topic “Recognition of danger”, “Ability to say no” and others. One of the components of educational work with children should be the implementation of measures to form their culture of relations in the international environment, as well as to maintain tolerance. Teachers should regularly conduct special classes and trainings that allow children to master the skills of action in a variety of emergency situations.
- Work with parents. Among the measures to ensure the security of the educational institution should be conversations with close friends of students. They are held, as a rule, at parental meetings, where questions are raised about ensuring OS safety, maintaining and improving security, raising vigilance, anti-terrorism protection, as well as responsibility for the collective and personal safety of children. Why is it necessary to conduct such conversations? Their goal is to increase the interest of parents in improving the security system and its technical equipment.
- Shelter staff. The security program of an educational institution certainly includes the preparation of pedagogical and managerial staff for actions to protect OS. Among the measures being developed is the holding of meetings of teachers with law enforcement officials with consideration of relevant issues.
- Paperwork. In the OS must be present a set of existing standards necessary to comply with to ensure normal conditions of the pedagogical process. In addition, the head must issue an order for the safety of the educational institution, indicating in it the duties of officials and the internal rules. It is also necessary to develop instructions for teachers and for protection with the inclusion in them of schemes and plans of the building of the OS. A necessary component of office work is the nomenclature of cases relating to security areas. It should include plans and correspondence, regulations, conditions of material and technical supply, etc.
- Methodical documents. This element of the general OS safety system is recommendations and instructions for children, parents and staff of OS, stands and posters, films and booklets regarding measures to prevent personal and collective danger.
- Medical support. This element of the system includes labor protection, as well as the introduction of health-saving technologies in OS.
- Psychological support. Among the measures to ensure the safety of the OS are methods that allow mentally prepare teachers and children for action in various emergencies. It also includes methods of psychological rehabilitation, role-playing games and trainings.
Among the elements of the general security system in the OS are also:
- social and personnel measures;
- safety culture, environment and OS regime;
- governing bodies of educational institutions, as well as interaction with them;
- engineering structures and infrastructure, as well as organizations ensuring their proper operation;
- residents of adjacent quarters;
- nearby and patronage enterprises;
- other objects.
All of the above elements must be considered in unity. Only with their comprehensive coverage will it be possible to obtain the required quality of OS security.
Personal Security Features
Each employee and student of OS must:
- know the laws and rules of human behavior in emergency situations;
- comply with personal safety recommendations;
- have the ability to self-control and be disciplined;
- skillfully use safety equipment;
- know how to contact law enforcement;
- help workmates;
- maintain normal relations with people around and in the family.
Fire safety
Particular risk for the staff of the OS, as well as for students, is an emergency in which there is a rapid development of damaging factors. These include fires. When they occur, there is very little time to carry out protective measures. That is why in order to ensure the fire safety of educational institutions, it is so important in advance:
- Create a regulatory framework. It represents orders and regulations, as well as instructions that entrust officials with duties related to ensuring the safety of people.
- To equip the OS with warning systems. It is also necessary to purchase security equipment.
- Analyze possible dangers with justification of ways to protect against them.
- To organize training of students, teaching staff and personnel in defense methods. One of the most important components of such fire safety measures in educational institutions is to conduct training and exercises in order to identify compliance of people’s actions with regulatory requirements.
Implementation of operational measures will be required when there is a direct threat to the health and life of people. The main action in this case will be the emergency evacuation of everyone in the building. When implementing this measure, it should be borne in mind that all educational institutions have their own peculiarity, consisting in the maximum concentration of a large number of people in relatively small areas. Additional difficulties in evacuation are also found in the age characteristics of students. It also greatly complicates the application of the necessary fire safety measures in an educational institution.
The structure of protecting children, teachers and staff of the OS includes two subsystems. The first of them is designed to prevent the occurrence of a fire, and the second serves as protection against fire. Both are aimed at:
- prevention of emergencies;
- ensuring the safety of people;
- preservation of material values.
Their leaders are responsible for ensuring fire safety in educational institutions, who issue a number of orders in this direction:
- About fire safety rules.
- On organizational measures to ensure fire safety. This order provides for the responsibility of specific officials, as well as resolves issues of unimpeded evacuation, prompt notification of people in the building, determination of the condition of the funds necessary for primary fire extinguishing, according to the order of actions in case of emergency, emergency lighting, etc.
- On the organization of work of a fire hazardous nature.
- On conducting training sessions.
- On the organization of special places for smoking.
All these orders must be communicated to the executors under signature. In the subsequent administration of the OS, it is necessary to carefully monitor their implementation.
Fire safety in educational institutions is also provided by briefings. All of them must be correctly formatted in special magazines.
Of particular importance for OS is an effective fire regime. These are the rules of human behavior, the maintenance of rooms and classes, as well as the organization of the educational process itself.
OU anti-terrorism security
Work in this direction is the adoption of a whole range of measures. All of them are aimed at systematic actions to enhance the vigilance of the teaching staff and staff, to strengthen the material base of the educational institution, as well as to develop the ability of teachers and students to perform adequate and operational actions in the event of a terrorist danger.
The anti-terrorist safety of educational institutions is ensured by the implementation of preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent or minimize the loss of life in the event of a dangerous situation. To do this, the following actions are taken:
- instructing all OS employees on countering terrorist acts;
- inventory of all inputs and outputs (main and spare);
- periodic inspections of the premises of the OS and its territory;
- checking the operability of the telephone line to connect the duty op-amp with part of the ATC;
- the organization of the controlled entry of the vehicle into the territory of the educational institution;
- implementation of access control;
- reporting anti-terrorist information to teachers, students and staff of the OS;
- conducting routine health checks of all available technical means of protection, including electronic and combination locks, telephones, etc .;
- conducting training sessions on anti-terrorism activities;
- inventory of leased premises.
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