What are the functions in the blood of eosinophils and what is it? By asking such a question to an uninformed person, you can confuse him. After all, he will not be able to talk about their functionality in the body. What are eosinophils responsible for, whose functions are described later?
What are eosinophils?
Due to the fact that the human body is a very complex mechanism, everything is interconnected in it. Inside it, complex manipulations occur, which entail certain consequences. Therefore, there is an integral role that eosinophils play. It is worth saying right away that they belong to a number of white blood cells. These are special microorganisms inside a person that are part of the blood. Their main task is protective. In more detail about the structure and functions of eosinophils further.
They have a similar effect with white blood cells. Although the feature set is very heterogeneous, the main one is protective. It manifests itself in the disinfection mechanism of a foreign body that enters the body. They exhibit a more violent protective reaction against a foreign protein. Also take part in reactions of an allergic nature.
They got their name due to their specific red color. They exist for a short time, which is necessary for sending to the focus of inflammation. They are generated in the bone marrow at those moments when the body needs them. The cell maturation period is 7-9 days. After that, they enter the circulatory system and go to their destination. They can stay there for several weeks.
They consist of a core, which, in turn, is divided into two segments. Around are large granules.
What are they needed for?
Eosinophils come at the site of penetration of a foreign microorganism last. First, neutrophils and lymphocytes enter the battle. They hit and destroy the enemy who got into the body. Next, eosinophils begin to perform their actions. Their main task is the splitting of residues of the microorganism with the help of its active enzymes. The fact is that foreign bacteria after their destruction leave their mark, which can cause various diseases in humans. Eosinophils are also responsible for the number of platelets in the blood of a person.
Main functions
The main functions of eosinophils in the body can be distinguished:
- Moving to the area necessary for their "activity".
- Destruction of foreign organisms.
- Getting rid of pathological cells.
- Toxic effects on helminths.
But this only happens in a healthy body. However, it may happen that eosinophils perform functions not only positive but also negative. The fact is that they destroy dangerous organisms. And with the development of certain diseases, eosinophils can eliminate "their", useful.
What are the norms?
The norm of the level of eosinophils is standard. For the adequate functioning of the protective functions of the body requires only 1-7% of the total number of leukocytes. Most often, there is some area in the body where eosinophils constantly accumulate. These places include:
- The ovaries.
- Uterus.
- The spleen.
- The lymph nodes.
Where should eosinophils not be?
Unusual localization of eosinophils indicates the development of pathologies. In a healthy person, these cells cannot be in:
- lungs;
- the esophagus;
- the skin.
Some doctors, based on this criterion, can make a person a particular diagnosis. Most of them are observed at night. Exact numbers can be found by passing a general blood test. You can also conduct a study of sputum, which is secreted from the nasal cavity.
In a children's body, the number of eosinophils should be 0.5-8.5%, and in an adult - 0.5-5.5%.
What will happen if the level of these cells decreases?
As mentioned above, their number should be normalized and clear. The blood content of these cells should not increase or decrease.
In those moments when eosinophils are lowered in an adult, then a person is diagnosed with exhaustion. In medicine, this is called "eosinopenia." Most often, this pathology manifests itself when the patient has been in a stressful situation. Also provoking factors can be:
- Burns.
- Transferred operation.
- Blood poisoning.
- Pregnancy.
- Physical overload.
Due to the fact that eosinophils are reduced in an adult, therefore, the effectiveness of the immune system also decreases. And this, for its part, can lead to the development of diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery.
Sleep levels also affect eosinophil counts. People who suffer from lack of sleep, they are always less than normal.
What will happen if the level of eosinophils increases
In medicine, this phenomenon is called "eosonophilia."
The reasons for the increase in the number of these cells include:
- Spurious infestation.
- Gastritis.
- Magnesium deficiency in the blood.
- Accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs.
- Pregnancy.
With an increase in their number, one can safely judge the inflammatory processes in the body. Doctors sometimes say that during recovery, eosinophils should be higher. This indicates that the process is successful.
However, not everything is as good as it seems. Eosonophilia can provoke allergic reactions in the body.
The diseases that are possible with this pathological condition include bronchial asthma. Doctors also argue that an increase in the number of these cells may indicate the presence of worms in the body.
Treatment
Based on the information it is clear that both a decrease and an increase in eosinophils negatively affect the human body. Therefore, such a problem must be fought.
In the case when the patient suffers from eosinopenia, no special treatment is prescribed. After all, after defeating the disease, the eosonophiles return to their places and wait peacefully for the next call to action. In order to maintain immunity, the patient may be prescribed the addition of vegetables and fruits to the diet.
A more difficult option is eosonophilia. With an increase in the number of these cells, the threat to the human body grows.
A doctor specializing in this problem is a hematologist. He is required to prescribe a course of treatment for the patient. However, the main task before this is to correctly establish the causes of the development of eosonophilia.
Most often, allergies can serve as a trigger mechanism for the disease. First you need to find the provoking factor that causes such a reaction. After conducting experiments, the patient is limited to the intake of products that cause allergies. And here we are talking not only about food, but also about other substances surrounding a person.
Most often, the patient is prescribed antimicrobial agents. A heavy drink is also recommended, which will soon remove harmful substances from the body.
After a certain course of treatment, the patient is again prescribed tests that will show the further development of the patient's condition.
Improper medication as a cause of eosonophilia
In most cases, improper and excessive use of drugs can lead to the development of eosonophilia. In this case, the disease may be asymptomatic, and may be accompanied by a certain number of symptoms. These include the following:
- Skin rash.
- Fever.
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
Most often, the rapid development of eosonophilia is caused by heavy use of antibiotics or antiviral agents.
In order to stop the further course of the disease, it is necessary to stop the use of drugs. Within 1-2 weeks, the level of eosinophils is normalized.
Based on the above information, it can be concluded that eosinophils occupy a high level in the human body. They, like the entire group of leukocytes, perform a protective function. However, just as they take care of a person, so he must take care of them.
Maintaining the number of these blood cells at the established regulatory level guarantees a person the ability to prevent many terrible diseases. Some of them can be fatal.