Math for a preschooler is a great way to learn certain logical thinking skills. The childhood period is so short that it is necessary to use it with the maximum benefit for the child. It is important to teach him to navigate the flow of information that daily falls on him.
He finds answers to many questions through trial and error, comprehending the laws of physical transformations, mathematical calculations.
As the main source of knowledge of a preschooler, sensory experience acts. The teacher’s task is to direct him in the right direction, the formation of ability and thinking in preschool children.
The importance of the formation of logical thinking in preschoolers
Child psychologists identify several reasons that confirm how important mathematics is for preschool children 6 years old:
- computerization of modern society;
- huge amount of information;
- age features.
The program in the preschool educational institution is aimed at the formation and development of elementary mathematical abilities and representations.
Mathematics for a preschooler is a great way to develop ingenuity, mental activity, logical thinking. It is at this age that the formation of ideas about the numbers of the first ten, the division of one subject into several equal parts, is appropriate.
Activity Options
What might include math for preschoolers (6)? Tasks are compiled so that the guys use visual material to the maximum extent. For example, to determine the volume of bulk solids and liquids, they learn to pour (pour) substances. Considering issues relating to various geometric shapes, preschoolers create applications from them.
Tasks in mathematics for preschoolers are aimed not only at acquiring a volume of knowledge, but also at cultivating diligence, organization, determination, perseverance, and an active attitude towards educational work.
The specifics of the classes
How often is math done for preschoolers 6-7 years old? In addition to classes at the preschool educational institution, work on the formation and development of the simplest mathematical representations in children is carried out during walks and excursions. Experienced educators use various types of activities that contribute to the consolidation of formed skills:
- sculpting;
- drawing;
- design of geometric shapes;
- sports contests and holidays;
- music lessons;
- outdoor games.
In such activities, mathematics for preschoolers of 6 years is presented in the form of exercises on the ordinal score, creative contests. The work is organized so that children have the opportunity to work out the acquired theoretical knowledge.
Training Methods
How should mathematics be organized for preschool children 6 years of age?
The basis of the teaching methodology for such knowledge is constituted by general teaching principles:
- sequence;
- systematic;
- individuality;
- gradualness.
Mathematics for a preschooler involves a gradual complication of the material, repetition of the passed, deepening of universal learning skills.
Among the methods that educators can apply in their work, we highlight:
- visual;
- verbal;
- game;
- outdoor games;
- story;
- description.
Mathematics for preschoolers 6-7 years of age involves the use of developmental teaching methods. The children systematize their knowledge using visual aids: samples, images, objects.
Mathematics for a preschooler is carried out taking into account the age characteristics of children. For the lesson, the teacher selects objects of different shapes and sizes, plays with his pupils options for the location of geometric shapes, while developing preschool children with spatial thinking.
A separate place in the activities of a teacher with preschoolers of 6-7 years of age is given to substitute subjects, on the basis of which the teacher works with his students in simple geometric shapes.
Visual requirements
Despite the fact that educators independently select visual material for conducting developmental classes, certain requirements are imposed on him:
- quality;
- security;
- aesthetics;
- mobility.
The teacher should pay maximum attention to lagging children. It is necessary to begin with them the analysis of new material earlier than with other pupils. Advanced training can solve the problem.
The mathematics of a preschooler of 7 years is based on the knowledge that was obtained by the kids in kindergarten.
That is why it is so important to praise the kids, to avoid negative statements about their activities during class. Any encouragement said by the teacher will be an excellent incentive for the preschool child to get new skills.
Any comparison of the results between individual children is prohibited, only an analysis of the personal growth of the pupil is allowed.
You can not force a child to acquire new mathematical knowledge, this will not lead to the desired result. On the contrary, the kid will hate this complex and incomprehensible science, which will distract him from his favorite games.
Exercises for the second younger group
What should mathematics include at this age? Preschoolers can print beautiful pictures with numbers, geometric shapes to form the initial idea of ​​the set. During classes, preschoolers learn to compare two sets, compare elements, learn to distinguish between equalities and inequalities.
In the program material, only a sub-word period of training is allowed. An idea of ​​one or several objects is formed; homogeneous and heterogeneous elements.
Outdoor games for preschoolers
The main question that should be present in all tasks: “How much?”
For example, babies are invited to count the berries and mushrooms, collect them in a basket.
The lesson is conducted using an outdoor game to interest preschoolers.
The game "cat and mouse" is a great option for the development of initial mathematical skills.
The teacher acts as a “cat”, he begins to catch “mice”, repeating each time the number of “mice” caught. After all the kids are in his “paws”, everyone considers the “prey” in chorus.
To captivate the kids, the teacher turns into one of the “mice”, and the role of the “cat” goes to one of the pupils.
The role-playing game “Flashlights” is a great way to activate cognitive interest among preschoolers. Children are armed with circles of different colors. The teacher asks questions, depending on the correctness of the statement, the kids raise red, yellow, green flashlights.
To master application and application techniques, the teacher teaches preschoolers from left to right (or vice versa) to lay out, to impose certain geometric shapes.
Interesting forms of work
What else does mathematics suggest for preschoolers 6 years old? Tasks are offered so that kids can, without knowing the computing skills, determine:
- more or less items;
- distinguish one from the many;
- find an equal number.
Acquaintance with Values
This section is devoted to the formation and development of initial information on the size of the subject among preschoolers. The teacher introduces the children to the terms:
- volume;
- length;
- thickness;
- height;
- width.
Kids in the classroom learn to determine the size of objects. For example, the game "Who is Longer?" It is aimed at gaining skills in identifying long, short, narrow, wide objects. The teacher prepares for each pupil a set with various stripes, circles, a sheet of clean white paper. The teacher suggests choosing the thinnest strip first, putting a large circle on it, etc.
Performing various tasks of the teacher, the guys form ideas about the size of objects, their shape.
The lesson is built in such a way that preschoolers learn elementary mathematical ideas about body sizes, conduct actions based on sensory perception.
You can not transfer mathematics from the school course to kindergarten, as this will negatively affect the attitude of the kids to this interesting and useful science.
Common Techniques
To form a concept of length, width among preschoolers, while formulating an aesthetic taste in them, you can arm yourself with ribbons. For example, on the instructions of the teacher, the kids choose the brightest, narrowest, longest ribbon for the doll. The process of cognition is necessarily accompanied by a word, music.
A math exercise is often accompanied by a specific musical composition. Kids will be happy to put round berries, long leaves, narrow ribbons in a basket, making simple dance moves.
In order to form ideas about body sizes among preschoolers, you can use Russian folk games.
For example, playing “Loaf” is a great way to practice mathematical terms: width, depth, height.
Watch exercises
To begin with, the teacher makes a fake, armed with a box from under the cake. He depicts a dial, attaches hands. During a math lesson, the children learn to use the minute and second hands, to determine the time. The role-playing games "Going to School", "Visit to the Hospital", "Friend's Birthday" help the teacher work out the theoretical knowledge acquired during the lesson.
In addition to the formation of ideas about time, in preschoolers a responsibility is formed for the timely arrival at the doctor, at school, and he is being prepared for a full life in society.
Development of counting activities and constructive skills
Armed with counting sticks, the teacher offers the kids to feel like “mathematical wizards”.
First, the teacher collects the original figures from the sticks, then he suggests that preschoolers come up with their own models, similar to the original sample. Kids enthusiastically begin to work, and the teacher pronounces the name of the figures that they have.
After the work is completed, there is a systematization, generalization, development of skills acquired during the practical lesson. The teacher asks leading questions.
In order to form constructive skills in young children, they are offered unusual tasks. For example, from three sticks to collect a figure that would look like an object in the picture.
At the first stage, such work can be carried out in parallel with the child. He, looking at the actions of the educator, learns to create sketchy drawings from small details.
In addition to the formation of elementary ideas about the size, shape, features of geometric shapes, the preschooler develops fine motor skills.
Further, the teacher offers his students to change the appearance of the drawing, for example, turn a butterfly into a house, a square into a triangle. Such design exercises are aimed at developing spatial imagination among preschoolers, they help to identify the creative abilities of each child, and create individual educational trajectories for their development .
Conclusion
A special place in the development of initial mathematical representations of geometric figures, simple calculations, is occupied by a variety of outdoor games. It is during various role-playing games, music and sports contests that preschoolers are involved in cognitive activity, they form initial ideas about the simplest mathematical symbols, operations.
For example, babies are divided into several groups, each facing a specific task. The game “Guess” in the senior group of the kindergarten helps the teacher to develop oral counting skills , coordination of movements, work in small teams with his pupils. Some guys show certain geometric shapes using gestures and facial expressions. The task of the second part of the group is to guess them, and give examples of bodies that can have such a shape.
Mathematical skills must be formed precisely at an early age. Preschoolers easily perceive information about elementary algebraic actions, which will help them adapt to learning at school.