Planning in management is one of the important and basic functions. In the broad sense of this concept, “planning in management” is meant activities that are aimed at identifying specific tasks and goals for the organization (enterprise), as well as distributing or redistributing the necessary resources to carry out and implement the tasks set during planning.
There is an even narrower and specific concept of such a term - the preparation of the necessary documents, which should explain how to properly coordinate the actions of personnel, a combination of production processes aimed at the effective organization of production.
According to the terms, planning in management can be divided into:
Long-term planning, which covers a period of at least five years, the essence and meaning of this type of planning comes down to the development of targeted programs for the future, it is also sometimes called strategic planning;
Medium-term planning involves the development of plans for a period of one year to five years, it is also called tactical planning in management;
Short-term planning in management involves the development of plans for periods of less than a year, as a rule, such operational plans may include activities even for one per day.
At the same time, when planning for different periods of time, all plans with a shorter planning period must include separate stages or parts of activities that are described in planning one level higher. The only thing is that all plans from larger (long-term) to short-term should reveal more details and details for each event.
Now for the variety of plans drawn up during planning.
Firstly, there are “goal plans”, they are used, as a rule, in conditions of uncertainty over long planning periods.
There are also plans for repetitive and traditional activities. Such plans provide for standard schedules, but can be expanded by points in case of force majeure. For non-recurring and non-standard events special specific plans are drawn up. Their content and structure depends entirely on the situation.
Planning in management also has several principles.
Firstly, as many employees as possible participate in this event, which allows to qualitatively cover all areas of activity and thereby significantly increase work efficiency.
The next principle is continuity of planning. That is, the plans should be constantly updated and supplemented, and thereby pushing the deadline for the implementation of innovations for the future, which will allow coordinating the actions of units and clearly see the direction of development of the enterprise.
Based on the previous principle of continuity, the following is born - flexibility. The implementation of this principle allows for the adjustment of plans in accordance with the current situation and situation.
Further, the plans should be economical, that is, the costs of their preparation should not be more than the benefits and income obtained from this.
Well, the last principle of planning is to reinforce any plan with the necessary material and financial means, equipment and personnel.
In addition, for planning in management, two main methods are used. The first is the budgetary planning method - it is a presentation of materials in a tabular way, it is able to reflect all the income and distribution (redistribution) of resources by structural units and areas of the organization. And the second way is the balance method - it is the coordination of all expenses and revenues for a certain period of time (reporting). This planning is based on the balance sheet, which is a tabular document that reflects all sources of income and expenses, their size and value.
So, above we have given the basic concepts and fundamentals of planning at the enterprise used in management. Using them, you can build the planning process competently and efficiently. By the way, according to many experts in the field of management, planning allows you to carry out control over processes, and control as a management function is one of the key positions of a successful business and production.