At present, young people are increasingly going to higher education institutions after graduation, and less and less to secondary specialized schools. A lot of lawyers, economists, accountants got divorced, they are found at every step, although not all of them work in their specialties. Despite various difficulties, the younger generation, for the most part, still seeks further education at the university, considering the work of an electrician, cook or hairdresser prestigious. But even among the so-called working specialties there are a lot of incredibly interesting. For example, what does a turner do? What is the specificity of his work? You can find out about it right now.
Profession Turner
To start a story about such an interesting specialty follows from a very common misconception that a turner is a purely male profession. It is believed that a woman is a weaker sex, and therefore will not be able to "pull" so difficult physical work. Indeed, this profession requires endurance, strength, physical stress - however, all this does not mean at all that a woman will not be able to cope with it. There are fewer women turners than men. Perhaps because of this stereotype as well, but they are still there.
So, the profession is a turner. Who is this? This is a person who works on special equipment - on the machine. With his help, he processes all kinds of blanks in order to subsequently create from this piece of wood, metal or any other material a particular, but very necessary and important detail. He sharpens the workpiece - that's why the specialty is called that way. In some schools, in the labor lessons and in our time (in the Soviet years, this was widespread), boys are introduced to the basics of turning business.
The turner works according to the drawings, bringing the existing workpiece in line with the sketch. Turners can be both universal and highly specialized. This means that one person can work with any material, and the other with any one: for example, a wood turner is able to process only wooden blanks, but he does it, of course, masterly.
There are three ways to become a turner. The first is to go to a special institution after graduating from the ninth grade, in other words, a technical school, to unlearn it. The second is to take turning courses, at which (in contrast to the technical school) you can get not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical knowledge. The third way is to come immediately to production and learn the profession from scratch, that is, "without departing from the cash register," but in this case, of course, from the machine tool.
Profession history
Incredible, but true: the profession of a turner for almost three dozen centuries! The first antediluvian lathes existed in ancient times, already in the seventh century BC. Even then, a man understood that it was possible to give the existing piece of wood or bone the necessary shape. Of course, those units used by ancient people can only be called machines with a stretch, but they, of course, served as the forerunner to the appearance of real lathes.
The first more or less adequate machine appeared in the sixteenth century thanks to the French, who came up with a water wheel capable of driving such a force that it was possible to process not only wood, but also metal. The first electric machines, similar to modern ones even remotely, appeared in America only at the end of the nineteenth century.
Roles and responsibilities
Let's talk a little more about what the turner does. He works in the workshop (as already mentioned) near the machine. As a rule, his work is accompanied by a high temperature (from running machines) - of the order of seven hundred degrees (!) - and a lot of noise, so the answer to the common question of whether a turner is a harmful profession is definitely positive. But in harmful production, you can find your own pluses - an increase in salary, for example.
The duties of a turner include the daily processing of a variety of materials - from wood even to resin. There are several groups and categories of turners (they will be discussed below), depending on this, a person performs a certain amount of work. The more qualified a specialist, the more work they trust in him, and vice versa. How much the employee receives also depends on this (such a gradation of wages depending on qualifications is present in most professions, if not all), and therefore provides an incentive for people to improve their knowledge. We will also talk about this a little later.
The functions of the turner include threading, drilling holes, controlling the speed and depth of cut of the machine, as well as the correspondence of the created part to the drawing and the dimensions indicated on it, that is, calibration. In addition, the turner works with a variety of measuring instruments - a micrometer, for example (to measure very small quantities), or an indicator (displays changes in the process parameters).
Groups and ranks
As mentioned above, there are several groups and categories of turners. There are only five digits - from the second to the sixth. The turner of the second category is a novice specialist, the turner of the sixth is the most experienced master. From the category, that is, from qualifications, depends on the volume and complexity of the work performed, and wages. This has also been said before.
As for groups of turning specialties, there are five of them. They differ depending on the equipment on which the turner works: the fact is that some machines are capable of performing different types of operations (they are called universal), and some are only some specific ones. . Turner groups are named as follows: station wagon, carousel, milling machine operator, borer and revolver.
The station wagon works for a universal machine, which is logical. He can do completely different operations for processing the manufactured product. As a rule, the details performed on such a machine require special care and special attention. A carousel is called a turner who works with parts during their rotation (as on a carousel, this is the name), occurring at different angles with a specific speed. It is not easy to manage such machines, there are special rules that anyone who wants to work on this type of equipment should know.
A milling machine operator is one who processes all kinds of holes and slots, complex surfaces of parts, planes, and threads on a machine specially tuned for a particular mode. He is responsible for the quality of the product at the output, and is also obliged to prepare the necessary tools and instruments in the process. A borer is a turner who has the ability to process the surface of a part, calibrate, drill, bore, and also thread. These people must be able to read the drawings correctly in order to quickly manage to select the right cutting tool and set the necessary cutting speed. The work of the borer is associated not only with his own machine, but also with all kinds of measuring devices. A revolver is a person performing work on a machine with a rotating head. His task includes the processing of parts, threading of various kinds - external and internal, round and rectangular.
Personal qualities
Turner is a very serious profession, requiring high responsibility and the fulfillment of all his duties strictly, as required by the labor protection instructions for the turner. Otherwise, a person risks not only his health and life, but also his colleagues. A good turner should, in addition, have good eyesight - not just good, but excellent, that is, one hundred percent. You need to be able to react quickly, to be a strong and hardy person physically, because the turner spends eight hours a day at the machine. The technical mentality, even a superficial acquaintance with measuring instruments, the ability to grasp on the fly - this is what is useful to every turner.
Specialists in this field are also appreciated for accuracy, responsibility, organization. It should be inherent in spatial thinking, well-developed fine motor skills, mindfulness, imagination. A person should be patient, love painstaking work, strive for its quality performance. And yet (ideally) you need to love your job, burn it - then everything will argue and get along unconditionally. In addition, it is important to remember: a person lazy, irresponsible in this work will not last long. Even a top-level turner can lose his category - and at the same time lose it both in money and in respect from colleagues, and much more.
Contraindications to work
Since the turner is a serious job, not everyone is allowed to it. Some categories of citizens are prohibited from applying for this position. So, for example, both the turner and the student of the turner should not suffer from radiculitis and / or any other diseases of the musculoskeletal system, have problems with vision and / or hearing. You can not work in this specialty and people with heart and vascular diseases, asthmatics, epileptics. Those who are prone to vegetative-vascular dystonia, the path to the turners is also closed.
It may seem strange to someone, but it is forbidden to work as a turner, including people with any pathology of the digestive system.
What you need to know and be able to
As mentioned above, a turner does not need to study for five years in order to comprehend many wisdom. There are many examples when people came to the workshop (after all, a turner works in the workshop), got up to the machine and learned the basics of the profession from scratch, and later became experienced craftsmen. But this does not mean that a person “from the street” can become a turner. Not at all. To be able to work in such a position, an understanding (at least minimal) of the principle of operation of turning equipment is required. You must be able to correctly read the drawings - nobody will definitely teach this in production. It is also important to know the labor protection instructions for the turner, since this work is really fraught with rather big risks. It is also important to have an idea of ​​the properties of those materials that you will encounter during operation. Once again we repeat that many people, without education, became truly professionals in this field, nevertheless it would not hurt to graduate from a college in this specialty.
Requirements
The working conditions of the turner are an extremely important thing with which you must be carefully acquainted. To understand how you have to work, what dangers lie in wait (after all, a turner is a rather dangerous profession) during labor activity and the like, you need to carefully read all the proposed documents. So, for example, the labor protection instruction for a turner prohibits people under the age of eighteen from working in this specialty. Having settled in a similar position before reaching this age, a person runs the risk of causing serious trouble both for himself and for the one who employed him.
The labor protection instruction for the turner also provides for the admission to work exclusively of those persons who have undergone the necessary medical examination. According to the order of the Ministry of Health of our country, this must be done once every two years. This, if you wish, of course, continues to hold office. This order stipulates that each turner must visit three specialists, namely an ophthalmologist, a neurologist and an otolaryngologist. In the event that none of them reveals any health problems, the employee will be allowed to continue working. By the way, it is worth immediately stipulating one more important point: if a female turner becomes pregnant, the activity will have to be interrupted, since such heavy physical exertion is unacceptable during the period of bearing the baby.
The labor protection instructions for the turner also require that each newcomer to this position must first undergo a so-called internship, that is, work as a student, assistant, apprentice. For this, from two to fourteen shifts are normally allocated - this is already at the discretion of the master curator. If it seems to him that the newcomer is successfully coping with the duties assigned to him, his stay as an intern will stop for him.
Also, all turners must pass a kind of standard for knowledge of the rules of work. Each is given three attempts; after the third failure, the person is removed from his post and transferred to another job. In addition, each employee must be provided with personal protective equipment - PPE. Typical standards for their issuance are spelled out in an order of the Ministry of Labor from two thousand fourteen. According to this order, personal protective equipment is issued to each employee free of charge. They are laid to all those who are engaged in hazardous and / or hazardous work. Typical standards for the issuance of PPE for turners provide for the provision of these specialists with a variety of clothes and accessories. For example, safety glasses, rubber boots, a respiratory protection product, a suit against acids and solutions, and the like. Overalls and special footwear are intended only for those turners who work with a frezol. All the rest receive only glasses and respiratory protection. Overalls and safety shoes (except for the above) include two more types of aprons and two types of gloves.
Where to work
The workplace of the turner is a workshop. But in what areas of activity do turners need? In the most diverse. You can’t do without services at construction and utilities enterprises; they are necessary at the installation and industrial production. This profession is in great demand. A good turner with his hands will be torn off in almost any area. And no matter, the turner is universal or, for example, only for metal.
Wage
There are several factors that influence how much turner will receive. Firstly, it’s work experience, or experience. The more experienced a person, the longer he works, the higher his qualifications - the more pleasant it will be to hold in his hands the treasured “tab” with charges. Secondly, the place of work of a person is important. Private enterprises pay their employees completely different money than state ones.
The salary of any turner is built of two parts. The first is the salary, the second is the premium bonus. In addition, they pay extra for harm. A wood turner, as a rule, receives slightly less than his metal counterpart, but this difference is not significant.
Statistics show that the average salary of a turner in Russia is approximately forty-five thousand rubles. Of course, this is only general data, but a sixth-grade turner working at any closed type enterprise is able to receive from thirty to fifty thousand rubles a month. In the same case, if the universal six-digit turner works in defense or any other closed production, then its income can rise to one hundred thousand and higher. A novice specialist should count on no more than seventeen to twenty thousand until experience comes, and with it a new rank. By the way, the highest paid for the work of a turner in Vladikavkaz - about 100-200 thousand per month. This is even more than in Moscow!
Where to unlearn
In every major city, there is at least one or even several technical schools in which future turners are trained. To enter such educational institutions also does not seem difficult - these are not points for the Unified State Exam for passing to a university. In Moscow, there are a lot of institutions with turner walls coming out of it: this is the Tushinsky Combine, and the college under the Moscow government, and the nineteenth Polytechnic College. You won’t enumerate everything: about fifty establishments kindly open their doors to those wishing to master this specialty.
In different regions there are also no problems with getting the profession of a turner. So, in Saransk, for example, there is a polytechnic college, in Krasnoyarsk - a construction college, in Adygea - a humanitarian and technical college.
Continuing education courses
When compiling a resume for sending to a potential employer, the turner should know: he will play into the hands if he indicates that he has taken advanced training courses. This is beneficial not only for prestige in the eyes of the future leadership, but also for oneself: after all, continuing education also means raising the level of income. Turner courses can be taken once every five years. In addition to improving knowledge, by the way, in such courses you can acquire this specialty from scratch.
Turner courses imply the possibility of studying according to an individual program. Without fail, a person will have to pass both theory and practice. Only after that he will receive a certificate, and a note on the transition to a higher rank will be entered in his work book. Pointing out the fact of taking courses in the resume, the turner should also remember to put down the year when this action was taken.
Interesting Facts
This specialty is included in the fifty most popular and sought-after professions. Turners for metal and another direction are required even in shipbuilding. Mikhail Limasov, who was considered the most experienced metal constructor in the world, lived in Ulyanovsk, and his name was entered in the Guinness Book of Records. The famous director and screenwriter Boris Grachevsky, whom many know thanks to his brainchild - "Jumble", at one time managed to get a specialty turner. True, he did not begin to work in this position.
The first lathe in our country appeared three centuries ago - in one thousand seven hundred and seventeen. Working specialties can also be interesting, and their demand is no less, and sometimes more, than that of certified marketing specialists or PR managers. Profession turner - direct proof of this! Perhaps young people should consider devoting themselves to this working profession? It’s great if the work is really interesting and becomes the work of a lifetime for a girl or a young man.