Taxes were invented and put into use at the very dawn of civilization, as soon as settlements began to form. It was necessary to pay for security, for accommodation, for travel. A little later, when the industrial revolution took place, new economic services appeared that could be offered to citizens of the state. What are they like? How much do you need to make payments and how often? And in modern terms, what services are included in the rent?
What is a rent?
A flat payment, or rent, is the money that citizens of the Russian Federation pay to the state for the provision of water, gas and other services necessary for normal functioning. If you use a little more official terminology, then the rent is a strictly fixed amount of money that the owner of the premises must pay monthly to the supplier’s account in exchange for providing a list of utilities necessary for a comfortable stay. But what are these services? What is included in the rent?
In fact, the term "rent" is already somewhat outdated. Most residents of the Russian Federation have long begun to use words such as utilities or housing and communal services. However, the essence of this has not changed a bit.
It is also worth noting that the rent is included in the cost of living.
So what does a rent consist of? The basic services for which we pay the rent, in reality, are not so many. It will not be difficult to remember them and check: are they really necessary for us?
Cold water supply
The list of housing and communal services included in the rent starts with such critically and desperately needed water. To understand, it is first necessary to talk about what the law should be cold liquid in the taps of all residents of the Russian Federation, which, of course, do not evade taxes. So, if we turn to the sanitary-epidemiological rules and norms, then the water coming from the tap should be as clean as possible. The tenant cannot find any chemical additives, dirt, bacteria or microorganisms in it. If any are found, the owner of the premises has the right to file a complaint with the State Housing Inspectorate of his city. Also, there should be no interruptions in the flow of water. The maximum allowed by law is 8 hours a month. If any accident occurs, the bar rises to 24 hours a month.
Hot water supply
To the question: "What is included in the rent?" You can answer in different ways. But the second most important is hot water, it is also quite strict with it. In addition to all of the above requirements, the temperature of hot water cannot be lower than 65 and above 75 degrees Celsius. This is enshrined in the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms of SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09. Only the smallest deviations from this norm are allowed, and fines for major violations amount to 10,000 rubles.
Heating
But not only water should be warm so that a person can live well. Air temperature is also very important. Heating is one of the main utilities that are included in the rent in Russia. And how can an average person live in an apartment in the cold season and function normally? In the case of heating, as in the case of hot water, the most important thing is the air temperature. Outside the apartment, at the entrance, it cannot be lower than 15 degrees above zero on the Celsius scale. Indoors, the bar is even higher: at least 18 degrees above zero. However, in different settlements of the Russian Federation, the temperature norm can fluctuate within a few degrees. There are other “concessions” that people have to put up with. For example, heating may not provide up to 20 hours a day. And this is during the heating season.
Gas
Of course, gas is one of those services that are included in the rent. True, not all houses are supplied with it. In many modern buildings, it is not even connected, considering it unnecessary and outdated. However, if there is gas, it is paid along with other utilities. We must not forget about a sustainable sewer system. For obvious reasons, wastewater should not stagnate in or near a building.
Power supply
Without it, people would not be able to charge gadgets, watch TV and even see, because the lighting works with the help of electricity. But the services included in the rent do not end there. The work of the elevator, intercom and concierge, if it is, of course, is also included in the list of housing and communal services.
Overhaul
Despite the fact that this moment was the cause of heated discussions and disputes, constant deductions for overhauls are also services included in the rent. That is, every month, owners of apartment buildings are required to pay a certain amount to the building fund, and in the future, when the house needs major repairs, these funds will be used for it.
House maintenance
Residents also pay money for home care. What is included in the maintenance of housing in the rent? Firstly, cleaning. No matter what: stairs, porches, roofs, water supply, the area next to the house, as well as washing and replacing windows if necessary. This includes snow removal, maintenance of front gardens in the vicinity of the building, ensuring fire safety, removing decor items on the building that could be dangerous for residents, garbage disposal, and control of the lighting of the entrances. And also adjusting and checking the operability of all kinds of elements of the house, here are all the possible answers to the question: "What is included in the content of the rent?".
Additional services
But this is not all that is included in the rent. Telephone, Internet, television, intercom and security are considered “operational” services, that is, optional. They are included in the rent only if the tenant has connected them and uses them.
This is the most complete answer to the question: "What is included in the rent in Russia?".
One way or another, all of these services are combined into one single receipt.
What is included in the rental receipt?
At the beginning of 2017, a new official style was adopted, according to which all receipts for rent should be issued without exception. The main changes are associated with ease of use and simplicity of the document. Nothing should be hidden or hidden. The payer must know thoroughly what exactly he pays his money for.
First of all, this important document, called a receipt, contains information about the payer, his full name, surname, middle name (if any). In addition to this, there are detailed data on other persons permanently living in the payer's apartment. Of course, the personal account number must be indicated. It is unique and allows in the housing and communal services to identify one owner of an apartment at this address from another. The bank identification code of the Russian Federation is also mandatory, thanks to which non-cash transfers can take place.
The full address of the house for which payment is made, the owner’s phone number, email - all this can also be found on the first page of the receipt.
Information about what payments are included in the rent should also be written in the document. Together with it, clear (up to the last digit) data on how much money the owner gives for these services should be indicated. If one of the prescribed services is not provided to the tenant in full or is not provided at all, he has the right to file a complaint with the State Housing Inspectorate of his city. The date of the last deposit of money must be indicated in the document, as well as the year and month in which the payment period falls.
You can not do without a common account, which must be recorded immediately after listing all utilities and their prices. Reference information is also required, the standards are written in it, that is, how much an ordinary tenant will pay without additional costs. You can not do without the indicators of the counters, if they are, of course, installed. To a large extent depends on how much the owner will ultimately have to pay.
A consumer memo should also be attached, which contains the basic information necessary for the normal use of the receipt.
If there are any debts for the previous months, then they will certainly be indicated. In principle, this is all that should be indicated on the receipt.
Document Features
Nevertheless, simplifications did not help much: sorting out receipts is quite difficult today. But to do this is much easier, knowing the list of features that distinguish a receipt for a rent from other official documents.
- In apartments where meters are not installed, the calculation is carried out in accordance with the general standards.
- The amount of the final payment very much depends on how many people live in the apartment on an ongoing basis.
- A unit of measure is considered to be every square meter of the room.
- In March 2017, the government decided to make a number of changes to the list of housing services. Now, citizens of the Russian Federation, in addition to everything, are required to pay for the fact that several times a week solid waste is removed from the house. This tax is included in the clause on the maintenance of the house in good condition.
The procedure for paying utility bills
The owner himself has the right to decide how to make the rent. There are several payment options, the most convenient of which, without a doubt, is the Internet. At least, because it takes only a few minutes to complete a payment, an account on the portal of the State Services or Sberbank Online and access to the World Wide Web. Nowadays, this option is most often used.
The second most popular option is a bank. Having taken a receipt and the amount required for payment, you can contact the nearest bank branch and pay for housing and communal services there. In this case, you will have to pay a bank commission.
A slightly older version, which few people use now, but still worth mentioning. At any post office, you can also pay rent. True, they charge a substantial fee for the provision of such services. There is also the opportunity to visit the office of the management company and already transfer money from hand to hand.
Tariffs in Moscow
Recently, there has been a tendency to increase utility tariffs. For example, the payment for 1 kW of electricity per hour has increased from last year by 7 or even 15%. The price of hot and cold water supply is also not far behind: plus 7% compared with the first half of the year. And the cost of maintaining housing has generally reached unprecedented heights: another 15% has been added.
But in general, here is what the tariffs for utilities are in our time:
- One square meter, where major repairs will be carried out in the future, costs 15 rubles and 15 kopecks.
- Cold water supply is also expensive today. 33 rubles and 3 kopecks per square meter.
- Hot water costs even more. 163 rubles and 24 kopecks per square meter.
- The cost of heating is so high that residents pay it not only during the heating season, but all year round. And indeed: 2101 rubles for the amount of heat received by us per hour, this is a bit much.
- Sewage costs 23 rubles and 43 kopecks per square meter.
- Gas and electricity are so far the cheapest. The first costs 6 rubles and 16 kopecks per square meter, and the last - 5 rubles and 38 kopecks per 1 kW per hour.
Of course, those people who have meters installed pay specifically for the amount of water, gas and electricity that they actually consumed during the billing period.