All infectious pathologies need accurate and timely diagnosis. HIV is no exception. A diagnosis made in the early stages allows you to start treatment in the early stages, thereby prolonging the patient's life. When determining the pathology, a F-50 blood test is taken. What is it and how to prepare for it?
HIV features
Everyone has heard of such a pathology as HIV, and knows that this disease is dangerous. The infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse or through the blood. The first cases of infection were recorded not so long ago - at the end of the last century, and the virus itself was detected only in 1982.
The immunodeficiency virus cannot exist independently; it needs a living cell. He embeds his genetic information in it. After infection, a person becomes a carrier of pathology, which may not manifest itself for a long time. As a result, the infected person loses the ability to resist disease.
Normally, a healthy person has 1,200-3,000 T-leukocytes. With HIV, their number decreases. In this case, the patient may feel normal for a long time, since the pathological condition may not manifest itself for many years. But once there comes a period when the number of cells reaches a critical point, and then the disease manifests itself. And in order to identify the pathology, a blood test is performed for HIV. It can be done without waiting for the symptoms to manifest. There are methods showing the presence of the virus three weeks after a possible infection. The method for determining antibodies allows early detection of infection and treatment.
Analysis Features
A blood test for HIV F-50 is performed to detect the detection of enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibodies directed against HIV. If antibodies are detected, then there is an infection of this type.
Many are interested in the fact that this is an F-50 blood test and what does it show? This is a special technique for detecting antibodies. The letter "f" is the abbreviation of the word "form", the number is the number of the form. In other words, this is an analysis in form 50. The detection of antibodies allows you to determine what pathological processes are occurring in the body, as well as determine past infections or current infections. Often during the study, viruses, bacteria that cannot be established using other methods are detected.
Types of analyzes
HIV is detected by various methods. More common:
- PCR - is considered the most reliable way to detect the virus. This species allows you to detect the HIV virus within three weeks after infection.
- IFA - is carried out not earlier than in 2-3 months from the moment of infection. At earlier dates it does not produce results.
When is the test taken?
The doctor prescribes a blood test in form 50 to identify the Rh conflict during pregnancy, with pathologies of the thyroid gland. It is also prescribed for suspected sexually transmitted and other pathologies. In addition, blood for antibodies to HIV is donated in the following cases:
- preparation for surgery;
- when planning a pregnancy;
- after an accidental sexual intercourse;
- with sudden weight loss;
- when using non-sterile injection needles.
There are a number of alarming symptoms that require immediate research. These include:
- stool disorder lasting more than three weeks;
- unclear etiology of fever;
- lymphopenia, leukopenia;
- swollen lymph nodes in various areas not associated with inflammation;
- infectious pathologies: candidiasis, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, frequent exacerbation of herpes virus.
Analysis
The procedure for taking blood from a vein takes about seven minutes. After taking the material, the injection site is treated and sealed with a plaster. The analysis is given on an empty stomach. To avoid dizziness after blood donation, it is recommended to drink a cup of sweet tea or eat chocolate.
Doctors say that an F-50 blood test is an important procedure and you must pass it. She is painless. You must visit a general practitioner for referral. In private clinics, you can donate blood anonymously by filling out the form. She will be assigned a number that the patient and medical staff will know. The results of the examination cannot be registered with the ORUIB, nor can they be provided at the antenatal clinic or during hospitalization.
Decryption
Only a doctor can decrypt an F-50 blood test and make an accurate diagnosis, because the same results in different cases can speak of different symptoms.
Qualitative analysis:
- Screening - if there are no antibodies in the blood, then the answer indicates “negatively”. If antibodies to the virus are detected, then re-research. In the case of double confirmation of the result, indicate "positive".
- Verification analysis allows you to evaluate the presence of the virus by dimming at the locations of certain proteins. With other pathologies, changes in the test strip occur in other parts.
Quantitative analysis
Decoding a blood test for HIV according to F-50 shows the amount of the pathogen RNA detected and is expressed in copies / ml:
- RNA is not detected. In this case, the value is below the sensitivity limit of the method.
- Less than 20 copies / ml. RNA is detected within the sensitivity of the method. Characteristic with little accuracy.
- From 20-10 6 copies / ml - this value gives a reliable result.
- Over 10 6 copies / ml - RNA is detected at a specified concentration that is outside the linear range.
What does the F-50 blood test mean and how to understand it? Typically, a certificate indicates a negative or positive result. This is a qualitative result, it does not give an idea about the stage of the disease, the prescription of infection.
From the article you learned that this is an F-50 blood test and what it gives. This method allows you to determine whether a patient is infected with HIV or not.