Studying the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck, we learn how to move the head, the processes of pronouncing sounds and swallowing. This is a special group of muscles in the human body. If we consider the classification of the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck by origin, then these are derivatives of the 1st and 2nd branchial arches. By the nature of the location, the muscle itself is named, therefore, they are chewing (1st gill arch) and facial (2nd gill arch). In anatomy, the muscles of the head and neck are of key importance, thanks to which we know so much about the facial expressions of our faces.
Thanks to this article, you can learn in more detail to understand some of the muscles of a person that are associated not only with turning the head and swallowing the liquid, but also we will know exactly what all the sounds are made. These are really the most unique and interesting muscles in their structure.
Mimic muscles and their features
Looking at the pictures of the anatomy of the muscles of the face, you can see the uniqueness of the structure of our facial and chewing muscles.
The facial muscles come from the muscle tissue of the second visceral arch:
- They are located under the skin, practically have no fascia.
- They are located around natural openings, acting as expanders and sphincters.
- Begin on the surface of the bones or underlying fascia.
- End in the skin.
Due to the characteristics of muscle attachment, they can actively move the skin of the face.
Muscle tissue surrounding the palpebral fissure
The main consider the circular muscle of the eye, which is divided into the secular part (closes the eyelids), the lacrimal part (expands the lacrimal sac) and the orbital, which lowers the eyebrows down, lifts the skin of the cheek up and forms folds in the eye area. The muscle tissue that wrinkles the eyebrow originates in the medial part of the superciliary arch and attaches to the skin of the eyebrow. The pride’s muscle tissue attaches to the skin of the overhead, starting from the bone of the nose, and causes wrinkles at the root of the nose.
Muscular tissue of the cranial vault
These muscles are divided into the occipital, frontal and temporal-parietal muscles, as well as the tendon helmet. The first is divided in turn into the frontal and occipital abdomen. With the help of the occipital abdomen, the scalp can be pulled back. The frontal abdomen will pull the skin up, due to which the eyebrows will move up.
Muscle tissue surrounding the opening of the mouth
The circular muscle is divided into the labial and marginal parts. Thanks to her, you can stick out your lips and close the mouth gap. Larger and smaller zygomatic muscles attach from the zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. The muscle that raises the upper lip is attached to the corner of the mouth and skin of the wing of the nose, it is involved in the formation of the nasolabial groove.
The buccal muscle starts from the upper and lower jaw and connects to the muscle base of the upper and lower lip. The muscle tissue that lowers the lower lip connects the lower edge of the lower jaw and the mucous membrane of the lower lip, thus turning the lower lip outward. The laugh muscle begins with chewing fascia and attaches to the skin area of the corner of the mouth, capable of forming a dimple on the cheek. Muscle tissue that lowers the corner of the mouth starts from the lower jaw and connects to the skin of the corner of the mouth.
Chewing muscles
They are attached from the bones of the skull to the lower jaw and are divided into the superficial and deep parts. The superficial part departs from the zygomatic outgrowth of the upper jaw and connects to the lower jaw. The deep part is attached to the lateral part of the coronoid process of the lower jaw and originates from the inner part of the zygomatic arch.
Temporal muscle
Attaches from the temporal fossa to the coronary growth of the lower jaw. It is capable of lifting the lower jaw up and pressing it to the upper jaw, as well as pulling the jaw extended forward.
Lateral muscle (pterygoid)
With this muscle, the lower jaw is able to move in the opposite direction. The anatomy of the muscles of the neck and head is well understood and can explain every movement, every tilt and rotation of the head. Next, we will see how exactly this happens.
Muscles of the neck of man
Depending on the location of the muscles, they are divided into three groups: superficial, median and deep.
- Deep muscles are lateral and medial, are attached to the bones of the axial skeleton and are necessary for the movement of the body and head.
- Superficial, as a rule, are very thin and long.
- The middle muscles are divided into sublingual and sublingual.
The muscles of the neck of a person are also involved in the movement of the upper limbs.
Superficial, middle and deep layers of the neck muscles
Consider the neck muscles in the table. The superficial muscles secrete subcutaneous (located under the skin of the neck and face) and sternocleidomastoid muscle (which is responsible for turning the head and tipping it back).
So, in this article we examined the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck, and also discussed in detail each part of these organs. We hope this article was useful for you, and you could find the information you are interested in.