The human musculoskeletal system consists of a combination of many bones and the muscles connecting them. The most important parts are the cranium, chest, spinal column.
Human chest bones form throughout life. In the process of growth and development of the body, this section of the skeleton is transformed. There is a change not only in size, but also in shape.
In order to find out which bones form the chest, general knowledge of all the components of the system is necessary. To begin, consider the entire musculoskeletal system.
The human skeleton consists of two hundred bones, the total weight of which is measured in kilograms: 10 in men and 7 in women. The shape of each detail is laid down by nature so that they can perform their functions, of which there are a lot. The blood vessels that pierce the bones deliver nutrients and oxygen to them. Nerve endings contribute to a timely response to the needs of the body.
The structure of the human skeleton
This huge complex can be viewed for a long time and in great detail. Let's dwell on the basics. To make it easier to study the structure of man, the skeleton is conditionally divided into 4 departments:
- cranial box;
- body frame;
- vertebral column;
- upper and lower body parts.
And the backbone is the basis for the whole system. The spine is formed by five sections:
- neck;
- sternum;
- lower back;
- sacral region;
- tailbone.
Functions and fundamentals of the structure of the chest
The bones of the chest, resembling the shape of a pyramid, contain and warn against external mechanical influences of vital organs: the heart with blood vessels, the lungs with bronchi and tracheal branch, the esophagus and numerous lymph nodes.
This section of the skeleton consists of twelve vertebrae, sternum and ribs. The first are the components of the skeleton base. In order for the connection of the bones of the chest with the vertebrae to be reliable, the surface of each has an articular costal fossa. This method of attachment allows you to achieve great strength.
What bones make up the chest
The sternum is a fairly common name for the bone located in front under the ribs. It is considered to be composite, there are three parts:
- lever;
- body;
- xiphoid process.
The anatomical configuration of the human sternum bone changes over time, this is directly related to the modification of the position of the body and center of gravity. In addition, with the formation of this section of the skeleton, the volume of the lungs also increases. The transformation of the ribs with age allows you to increase the amplitude of movement of the sternum and exercise free breathing. The proper development of the department is very important for the normal functioning of the whole organism.
The chest, the photo of which can be seen in the article, has the shape of a cone and remains so until three to four years. At six, it changes depending on the development of the upper and lower zones of the sternum, the angle of inclination of the ribs increases. By the age of twelve or thirteen, it is fully formed.
The bones of the chest of a person are affected by physical activity and landing. Physical education will help her to become wider and more voluminous, and improper fit (more about the posture of students at a desk or computer table) will lead to the fact that the spine and all parts of the skeleton will not develop properly.
This can lead to scoliosis, stoop, and in some severe cases, to problems with internal organs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct educational discussions with the child about the importance of posture.
Rib structure
When asked about which bones form the chest, they are the first thing that comes to mind. Ribs are an important part of this section of the skeleton. In medicine, all twelve pairs are divided into three groups:
- true ribs are the first seven pairs, attached to the sternum by a skeletal cartilage;
- false ribs - the next three pairs are not attached to the sternum, but to the intercostal cartilage;
- floating ribs - the final two pairs have no connection with the central bone.
They have a flattened shape and a porous structure. The rib has cartilage and bone parts. The latter is defined by three departments: the rib body, head and articular surface. All ribs are in the form of a spiral plate. The greater its curvature, the more mobile the chest, it all depends on the age and gender of the person.
During intrauterine development, in rare cases, an anomaly is observed, which leads to the appearance of an additional rib in the neck or lumbar region. Also, in mammals, the number of ribs is greater than in humans, this is due to the horizontal position of their body.
Now that we have figured out which bones form the rib cage, we can talk about what tissues they consist of. They differ from each other not only in functions, but also in properties.
Bone
It constructs a skull, limbs and torso. It is also important that bone tissue determines the shape of the body. It is divided into:
- coarse fiber - characteristic of the initial stages of development;
- plastic tissue - participates in the creation of the skeleton.
- cartilaginous tissue - is formed by chondracites and cellular substances with high density, they perform a supporting function and are a component of different parts of the skeleton.
Its cells are of two types: osteoblasts and osteocytes. If you look at the composition of this tissue, you can see that 33% of it consists of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The remainder is inorganic substances such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and calcium carbonate and others. It is interesting that in our body there is citric acid, 90% of it is found in bone tissue.
Connective tissue
The bones of the chest are fastened together and with the muscles of the skeleton using cartilage and tendons. These are varieties of connective tissue. It comes in many forms. For example, blood is also connective tissue.
It is so diverse that it seems as if everything in the body is done only by it. Any cells of this type perform a variety of functions, depending on what kind of tissue they form:
- base human organs;
- saturate cells and tissues;
- carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body;
- unite all types of tissues, warn organs from internal damage.
Depending on the functions, it is divided into:
- loose fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous decorated.
The connection of the bones of the chest is carried out by fibrous tissue from the first group. It has a loose texture that accompanies blood vessels, nerve endings. It blocks the internal organs from each other in the cavity of the chest and abdomen.
The spine is the basis of the skeleton
The spine helps to hold the back and is a support for the soft organs and tissues. The spine and chest are connected by an important function: it helps to keep the cavity in the right position.
It is formed from thirty-two to thirty-four vertebrae that have openings for the passage of the spinal cord. This allows you to well protect the foundation of our nervous system.
The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrous cartilage, which contributes to the mobility of the spine. An important requirement for it is the ability to bend. Thanks to this, he is able to "spring", due to which, shock, jolts while running and walking fade, protecting the bone marrow from tremors.
Very important features
Since the musculoskeletal system consists mainly of bone tissue, knowing its role in the body, the same can be said about the body base and the chest separately. So the functions are:
- supporting;
- participation in mineral and fat metabolism;
- protective;
- mechanical.
It is important to know what our body consists of and what processes take place in it, what role this or that part of the skeleton plays, how to properly develop and strengthen it. This will help to avoid some ailments and live fully, playing sports and favorite things.