Quite often, in recent years, children have become participants in traffic accidents. What is the reason for this phenomenon? Some believe that this is due to the fact that children's traffic rules are violated.
Relevance of the problem
Behind childhood injuries is the indifference of adults, the lack of preventive actions aimed at preventing such situations.
Among the main causes of traffic accidents involving children, we highlight:
- lack of awareness of traffic rules ;
- access to the carriageway in front of a vehicle in an unspecified place;
- game on the road;
- access to the roadway due to tram, bus, trolley;
- lack of knowledge of behavior skills in certain traffic situations;
- walking on the sidewalk, roadway;
- insufficient attention from adults.
Rules of the road with explanations should be considered in the classroom in preschool educational institutions, at school. Only in this case can we count on the formation in children of the skills of safe being on the street, roadway.
Important points
The 2017 traffic rules have some distinctive features that preschoolers should be aware of. Until the age of eight, babies do not distinguish sound sources well, and they also have a small field of view. For example, up to five years, kids orient themselves at a distance of about five meters. At six years old, the viewing angle increases to ten meters. But he sees only those cars that are opposite him, and the transport on the left and on the right poses a serious danger to the kids.
Children acquire a normal review only by the age of seven, so studying and observing traffic rules is a way to protect kids from serious injuries.
The purpose of educational activities in the DDU
How to make roads and sidewalks no longer pose a danger to babies? Educators and educators in the classroom tell their kids traffic rules of the Russian Federation. The interpretation of this term is well known even to preschoolers. It is in the classes according to the rules of the road that kids get skills and abilities, acquire habits of proper behavior on the road.
Educational objectives
SDA is an important stage in the activities of any preschool organization. The teacher tells his students about the elements of the road, the functioning of the traffic light, and the movement of vehicles. It is important to instill the skills of safe behavior precisely in preschool age, to develop theoretical knowledge in practice. Kids learn traffic signs: “Bus stop”, “Children”, “Bicycle path”, “Underpass”, “Parking place”, “Medical aid station”. During such classes, children not only learn traffic rules. Decoding of the abbreviation is also included in preschool education. Permanent classes are aimed at developing creative abilities and cognitive interest of children.
Methods and forms of work
SDA is an important section of the work of the kindergarten teacher. Thanks to stories, reading books, reviewing thematic pictures, drawing, applications, sculpting, children develop the skills of proper behavior on the roads.
In role-playing games, children learn to solve problematic situations and put into practice traffic rules. This helps kids consolidate theoretical knowledge.
The educational process involves a certain list of activities:
- monitoring the behavior of pedestrians and vehicles during thematic walks;
- study of road signs;
- Acquaintance with pedestrian crossings, traffic lights.
What topics can I choose for conducting educational classes in kindergarten? For example, when conducting the lesson “Features of the transition of the carriageway by children”, visibility is important. Kids not only learn the theory, but also practice them in practice.
During classes, preschoolers learn different types of transport: trucks and cars, motorcycles, buses. Children not only get acquainted with their main purpose, but also learn how to sit down, get out of transport, cross the road.
Similar activities continue while working on applications. The construction of various types of public transport is accompanied by a repetition of the basic rules of the road.
The value of classes on traffic rules
For preschoolers, the main type of cognitive activity is role-playing. Kids recreate various social relationships between people, learn to apply skills in real life. They not only expand their horizons, but also test their own strength in different situations modeled by the elders.
Crossroads game
The teacher, along with the children, plays out a variety of situations at the intersection:
- pass pedestrians;
- stop on red;
- street crossing rules.
In many preschool institutions there are models of the road with pedestrian crossings, traffic lights. Together with fairy-tale heroes, kids move along footpaths, study the “road domino”, traffic signals. Helping the heroes of fairy tales, preschoolers solve problem situations, develop their memory, attention, and form analytical skills.
In the middle group of kindergarten, activities related to the prevention of road accidents are more focused and systematic. The teacher explains to children the features of one-way, two-way traffic, introduces his pupils to the main road signs, rules of conduct on the roads.
Together with their mentor, children observe the traffic, traffic signals, driver work. They recognize traffic signs, learn to navigate the situation on the road. During such walks, the cognitive activity of preschoolers increases, their attention increases, they consolidate theoretical knowledge in practice.
Those habits that are fixed by children at an early age will remain with them for the rest of their lives.
SDA in school life
How to organize a thematic class hour in elementary school ? Traffic rules are an important stage of educational work in elementary school.
Often the guys get into trouble on the road, not because they don’t know the basic rules, but because they are naive and inexperienced, they don’t realize the real danger of moving vehicles.
The task of the teacher is to work out the rules of the road. Grade 1 is ideal for creating an individual safe route for each student. In the lesson of the “school of road sciences”, the children examine in detail the rules of behavior on the road and on the street, form stable skills for safe movement around the city as pedestrians. The teacher creates the conditions for teaching school children traffic rules, generates interest among parents in ensuring the safety of their children, involves them in joint thematic events.
Working method
When constructing an educational system related to traffic rules, a primary school teacher considers three types of communication with the city transport system:
- pedestrian student;
- child passenger;
- a schoolboy-driver of a bicycle, rollers, sledges.
It is impossible to limit oneself to one-time actions; it is important to think over systematic activities aimed at the prevention of road traffic injuries for children.
In all the academic disciplines studied in primary school, the elements of traffic rules are included. It:
- speech development;
- the world;
- physical education;
- as well as extracurricular activities.
In the lessons, as well as outside the classroom, younger students get to know the world around them, including the features of road behavior.
In the classroom, you can arrange a special corner associated with traffic rules. In it you can hang various slogans, for example:
- "The price of haste is the health of the child."
- "Attention - children on the road."
- “You cannot save time at the expense of life.”
A separate place in the classroom should be given information for parents. For example, provide information on road traffic injuries in a city (region), the causes of accidents involving schoolchildren, provide recommendations to children on the issues of teaching children how to behave safely on the road.
Games are not only the leading teaching method for primary school children in traffic rules, but also a way of enhancing the cognitive activity of the younger generation, they allow developing imagination. During the game, children learn habits and orientation skills in difficult situations, develop a quick reaction. M. Gorky called the game "the path to knowledge of the world around us" in which they live. Psychologists are convinced that the game is the kind of activity that allows you to reflect in practice theoretical knowledge, skills, abilities. It is educational and educational in nature, therefore, it is used by teachers in a large amount in the educational process.
Class hour on the rules of conduct on the road
The objective of the event is to identify students' knowledge of traffic rules, their deepening and systematization, the formation of independent thinking skills, the development of cognitive interest in the culture of behavior on city roads.
During the class hour, the children, along with a fabulous traffic light, solve crosswords, move around intersections, answer questions regarding traffic rules.
In the crossword puzzle, offered for primary school students, one keyword is puzzled - "security". After the guys have completely found the answers to all the questions suggested by the Traffic Light, they understand what is most important for any modern person traveling on roads, pedestrian crossings, city sidewalks. In addition to the crossword puzzle, students are offered interesting puzzles, puzzles. Parents take an active part in the event.
At the end of the event, a traffic light, along with parents of schoolchildren, invites them to tea at his fairytale palace.
Instead of a conclusion
There is nothing more expensive than the health and safety of the younger generation. That is why in preschool educational institutions, lyceums, gymnasiums, ordinary schools at each level special programs are implemented that are associated with the formation of a culture of behavior on the roads of children.
Only when conducting a systematic and purposeful joint activity of teachers, parents, children can we count on the formation of theoretical and practical knowledge about the rules of the road, their full use by children while traveling on the streets and roads.