One of the most important problems of the educational process is the task of the moral formation of each individual. Society has been striving for this throughout its centuries-old history. To achieve this goal, a special form of regulation in the behavior of people has been developed for many centuries. And to prove this, weighty arguments can be given. The problem of upbringing has always been solved with the help of morality, universal values ​​and norms accepted in society. All these factors are currently determining in the process of human activity and its interaction with other people.
The meaning of the term "upbringing"
In pedagogical practice, this concept is interpreted ambiguously. If we consider the process of the formation of a moral personality, then good manners can be considered the achievement of a certain level of social, intellectual and spiritual development of a person. However, this term can be considered in a narrower sense. The level of education in this case is defined as the correspondence of actions and human behavior to existing moral principles and norms in society. At the same time, an individual can be judged by his culture of communication and behavior. In other words, by external forms of interaction with other people.
The true level of education can only be determined with full awareness of the specifics of morality as a factor in the normative regulation of human behavior. And this is the task of pedagogical science.
The main features of a well-mannered man
What does a moral person consist of? What features are inherent in it? It:
- Courtesy . She is able to pacify irritation and hatred, prevent a quarrel, make her restrain herself and become a source of love and respect.
- Tact . This is a kind of moral intuition of each educated person, which always tells him the right approach in a given situation and allows you to develop a delicate line of behavior during his communication with others.
- Punctuality . Her presence indicates the presence of good manners.
- Modesty . Having it, a person will never seek to show himself smarter, better and more capable than others. However, one should not confuse modesty with shyness and timidity, which do not allow people to firmly uphold their principles.
- Helpfulness . This is a virtue, but only until it becomes obsessive. An educated person provides services only when asked about it.
- Good manners.
- Self-control . It is present when the will of a person is superior to his instincts and culturally conditioned behavior skills.
- Sociability combined with friendliness and caring. This quality makes it easy to enter into communication with other people.
- The effectiveness of a culture of thinking, feelings and personality skills. These traits of upbringing are present among creative people who use them not only in work, but also in helping others.
- The presence of standard education and the possession of general cultural skills.
The effectiveness of educators
Parenting is a very difficult and highly controversial process. In this regard, it is rather difficult to take into account its results. This process begins from a very young age. Then it continues on admission to school. From a certain moment, a person begins to engage in self-education.
Of course, educators need to know whether the process of personality formation (or its individual stage) has reached the desired goal. In order to determine the level of education of children, it is necessary to compare the projected with the obtained results. Without this, it becomes impossible to control the further process of personality formation.
To establish the degree of compliance with the desired and obtained results will allow the diagnosis of moral education. It represents a certain assessment procedure. Its implementation will reveal the true level of education. The difference between the final and initial result is an important criterion for assessing the effectiveness of the pedagogical process.
To obtain the necessary data conduct a test for upbringing. However, this is not a theoretical task. The practical behavior of children in certain situations and the implementation of certain actions by them determines the level of education of students. The diagnostic technique also involves the study of children's ideas about certain rules and standards of behavior. Often in practice, the teacher asks the children direct questions. Among them:
- What is honesty?
- Why should a person be kind?
- Why can not oversleep? etc.
As evidence of their own righteousness, the pupil should bring weighty arguments. The problem of upbringing, if any, will immediately become apparent.
To diagnose the effectiveness of pedagogical work often use writing essays on a particular topic. Each of them is a kind of profile. The level of education is determined by the disclosure of a particular issue, which clearly characterizes the inner world of the child. The list of topics may include a description of their own vision of such a problem as “Politeness and I”, “What is my understanding of discipline”, etc. When writing such essays, students should also give their arguments. The problem of the child's upbringing can be identified by other effective methods of diagnosing behavior. For this, the teacher must artificially create a situation in which the personality traits are revealed .
The composition helps to determine the level of formation of the personality of graduates. The problem of upbringing (the exam often offers applicants similar topics) is revealed by young people on the basis of literary works and the realities of modern life.
Analysis of the study
The education indicators obtained as a result of the assessment procedure are spread on a six-point scale. It has three positive and as many negative ratings. The first of them reflect what the personality is brought up, and the second indicate the level of its bad manners. What are the positive ratings? So:
- +3 indicates a steady readiness to commit a moral act;
- +2 indicates the desire for positive action in a given situation;
- +1 confirms the child’s understanding of the need to do good deeds.
If the values ​​on the scale drop below zero, then this will say:
- -1 - about readiness for negative manifestations;
- -2 - about the desire for negative actions;
- -3 - about antisocial behavior.
Zero on the scale will indicate a neutral position.
The importance of diagnosing upbringing
The basis of the effectiveness of pedagogical work is an understanding of the moral orientation of the child, and not its individual qualities. When considering the latter, it is important to compare their relationship with the motivation of behavior. This is a very important point. Indeed, in certain cases, even humane acts are far from being done with the best intentions.
The main task of diagnosing upbringing is to establish the social and moral qualities of students. In this case, risky and critical aspects of the pedagogical process are determined. Using the data of the diagnosis allows you to develop a program of educational activities, and the analysis of the results will determine the amount of time and effort that must be spent by the teacher to achieve the students the desired level of certain moral qualities.
Self esteem and self esteem
The formation of personality is a complex and multifaceted process. One of his main tasks is to instill in a little man a sense of self-respect. It is important for every person. A sense of self-respect must be taught to a child from a very early age. It should be embedded in the consciousness of the child in the first years of his life, at the very early stage of personality formation. A significant role in this process belongs to parents, relatives and the social groups in which the person is located.
Self-esteem and self-esteem are special moral value categories. They can be called intangible goods that are not related to human activities.
Self-esteem and self-esteem is a necessary and normal personality trait. It can also be called a positive quality of the human soul, which is possessed by an educated individual. In this case, one should be aware of the fact that all these feelings are the opposite of a sense of self-worth.
Dignity and self-esteem is the moral core of any person. Having it is not scary to get into a stupid situation and seem ridiculous to others. A person with a developed self-esteem is always able to apologize for his mistakes. However, he will not experience the inferiority of his own person.
Self-esteem and self-esteem must be maintained throughout your life. This is not difficult. It is only necessary to remain a moral person, acting with people in conscience and in accordance with the morality accepted in society.
Realities of today's life
The modern period of our state is characterized by a new socio-historical turn in the life of people. The whole society is literally absorbed in the problems of economic instability and the complexity of political relations, as well as the development of market relations that are still new to us. This is more and more shaking moral and social foundations.
The regression of humanity is gradually growing, people are becoming more intolerant and fierce. There is a vacuum of spirituality and there is a disintegration of the inner world of the individual. The spiritual and moral crisis of modern Russia is a problem of man’s upbringing.
The most vulnerable areas
The crisis of interhuman relations is most affected by patriotism and spirituality, culture and moral health. What arguments can be given to prove this? The problem of upbringing, especially among young people, is expressed in the loss of life guidelines. This is often used by opposition and extremists to achieve their destructive goals.
The values ​​that are traditional for us, today almost completely faded into the background. We do not have new ones yet. That is why people are not able to clearly distinguish between evil and good, dignity, conscience and honor. All these concepts are significantly distorted.
Pedagogy problems
The current education system is not capable of sensitively reacting to changes in society and satisfying all facets of the needs of the human spiritual sphere. Its framework does not allow to fully resolve the issues of legal and information culture, environmental and health education, etc.
The school system of education does not have clear concepts about the formation of personality. The term “education” is gradually translated into the idea of ​​“adaptation to society”. The quality of education, which affects the level of personality development, lags behind. Not so long ago, Russia was recognized as one of the most reading states in the world. Today, opinion polls show that we are less interested in various journalistic and literary publications than people in Europe.
Serious concern of statesmen, veterans and teachers is caused by students' ignorance of the history of the Great Patriotic War. And the fault is the education system. It takes only five hours to study a huge milestone in the history of our state.
Ways to Get Out of the Crisis
Morality is not given to a person at birth. The formation of personality is a complex educational process. That is why a person needs to be taught moral values ​​that are traditional for society. In addition, the consolidation and solidarity of a sane and progressive population, as well as the intellectual resources of society, has a huge role to play.
All this together will make it possible to overcome the negative trend with good manners that exists today in Russia. There are no other ways out of the spiritual and moral crisis.
Problems of upbringing in literary works
The problem of modern man lies in many ways with the lack of historical foundations and moral principles that were the basis of Russia's life in bygone times. That is why school graduates are often invited to consider the problem of upbringing. Arguments from the literature on this topic are given by them in the essays of the exam.
Lack of spirituality is also a problem of upbringing. Arguments from the literature that can be cited as evidence of this are present in the novel “We” by E. Zamyatin. In his work, the author talks about the "numbers" living in an ideal mathematical state. The life rhythm of these protagonists is perfected to perfection, but they have no soul. In this regard, the "numbers" are not interested in the beauty of the world and they have no desire to strive for the highest.
An example of a spiritual person is the hero of A. Solzhenitsyn’s short story “One Day of Ivan Denisovich” - Aleshka. This young man was sent to prison, trying to deprive of faith. But this did not break Alyoshka. He read the gospel every day and tried to bring his truth to other prisoners.
Based on the works of classics, alumni often also write an essay. The problem of education of the exam is raised quite often. Thus, L. N. Tolstoy often writes about the moral qualities of man in his works. This topic is also considered in the novel War and Peace. One of his heroines is Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. For this woman, the main life goal is the device of her own material well-being. For this, Drubetskaya does everything. She uses brute force, deals with humiliating begging, etc.