The business is influenced by many factors: competition in ongoing activities, the economic situation of the population, the quality of the goods and services offered, the location of the company and its remoteness from the points of sale, etc. But perhaps the most important thing on which the success of a company depends is the organization of enterprise management. Much depends on this factor. If not all. With the wrong manual, even the best goods will either not be made in the required volume or they will break the deadlines for execution. In this article, we will consider the main organization of enterprise management and analyze errors that cannot be made.
The essence of the organization management process
Organization of enterprise management is a purposeful and controlled activity, which is a combination of various methods of motivating and controlling the work of the team to achieve the task (this includes both the global goal of the organization and short-term ones, such as increasing the sales market, improving product quality, increasing sales efficiency and so on).
The organization of the enterprise management structure is divided into the managing and managing parts, where the managing director is the directorate, the manager and the information department (also called the administrative and managerial apparatus), and the managed one is the organizational departments engaged in the production process. The success of the organization will be in the proper coordination of both components.
Enterprise Management System Objectives
In order to understand the organization of the enterprise management system, it is necessary to determine its goals. They can be different, but are combined into four main blocks:
- Economic - aimed at increasing sales and increasing enterprise profits.
- Production and commercial - the implementation of a given volume of production and sale of the product, aimed at ensuring an economic goal, contractual obligations and so on.
- Scientific and technical - aimed at obtaining the necessary technical characteristics of the product, are aimed at improving the quality, as well as increasing productivity as a result of technological improvement.
- Social - aimed at meeting the needs of executive staff.
The economic goal is predominant, the other three work for it, complement each other. Typically, the company works simultaneously for each of them, naturally, sharing responsibilities between the heads of different departments. An indicator of successful work on the implementation of the goals of the organization will be an increase in sales and an increase in the total profit of the company, that is, the achievement of its economic goal.
Enterprise Management System Functions
The separation and specialization of management and its activities are called the functions of enterprise management organization. On the principle of long-term distinguish between the main and specific management functions. The main (they are constant) functions are planning, organization, motivation and control.
- Planning is aimed at determining the prospects for the development of the economy, predicting its future state and determining the role of the enterprise in the resulting picture. Based on the results, a further action plan is drawn up. Planning includes several successive stages: concept (theoretical basis, idea), forecast (predicting business opportunities using scientific justification), program (final formation of further activities with the calculation of resources necessary for the implementation).
- The organization is aimed at forming leadership, regulating the relationship between the managing and managed systems, it also improves the effectiveness of all other functions due to the fact that it creates a clear system of managers and ensures their successful interaction.
- Motivation helps to find reasons that help the team to achieve its goals, provides them with them, thereby stimulating effective work.
- Control is the final stage that conducts observation for the purpose of verification. The main task of this function is the correction of the produced strategy. Control establishes regulatory indicators, then measures and analyzes them, after which it determines the actions that contribute to the improvement of these indicators. Recommendations can be different: revision of goals, redistribution of tasks, staff recruitment, improvement of enterprise management.
Specific functions affect a specific area of activity and are determined by the division of the managerial structure. The function object takes a separate link, for example, marketing, sales department, administration system. Usually they are short-term and focus on the area that at the control stage shows unsatisfactory results.
Enterprise Management Structures
Based on the defined functions, for the successful execution of which various competencies are required, the composition of the leadership is formed, which may consist of one person, department or division of managers. Organization of an enterprise management system implies the choice of the most suitable option. Based on the amount of necessary authority, six management structures are distinguished:
- Linear In such a structure, management is carried out from the boss to the subordinate in the hierarchy. An important nuance - orders come from only one person. It is very important to choose the optimal number of employees for one manager, work efficiency will depend on this. Such a system has its drawbacks, for example, a difficult decision-making process - in order to get approval for any action, the subordinate needs to turn to all the hierarchical members, as a result of which the reaction is slow in relation to even the most important issues, plus what corruption and hardening are also flourishing.
- Functional. In such an enterprise management organization, functions common to several departments are transferred to one department or to a person who executes the orders of several chiefs. The plus of the structure is the complete elimination of duplication of work of the performer, the minus is the lack of unity of orders, which, as complexity increases, can slow down the workflow.
- Linear functional. This structure combines the two previous ones: solutions are developed by qualified specialists, after which orders are given down the hierarchy.
- Program and target. With this management of the organization of labor at the enterprise, managers of each individual project are singled out, after which they give orders aimed at achieving individual goals of the company. The manager receives a task from the director or his deputy, while having a subordinate staff. Over time, such departments are often transformed into independent domestic firms.
- Matrix. Such a structure immediately combines a linear, program-oriented and functional organization.
- The division structure combines product and regional principles. The main parts here will be the departments endowed with a certain independence, entering into a contractual relationship with each other and independently financed by making a profit. At the same time, management makes decisions for the long term.
Social patterns affecting the choice of enterprise management structure
The organization of the enterprise management structure should be chosen from certain social laws that have an impact on the course of the company as a whole. These laws include:
- The technical and economic law, which reveals the essence of the technical side of production, reflects a person’s attitude to technology and nature.
- Social and socio-economic laws, showing the essence of the relationship between individual classes.
- Legal.
- Socio-psychological laws showing the essence of the relationship between employees and entire departments in the company, their interaction with each other.
The principle of effective construction of an enterprise management structure
A successful organization of enterprise management begins with certain building rules, principles that you must rely on when choosing management structures and methods. First, we must not forget that the main source of increasing productivity is always a person, therefore, based on his psychological and social qualities, an effective company work program should be drawn up. Moreover, if you give employees or departments some autonomy, their effectiveness will increase significantly. However, the freedom of employees must be combined with centralism and the main goals of the employees should remain - quality standards, company policy.
The next principle - planning should always have long-term prospects and be based on constant market changes. The company should also be ready to expand staff if necessary. When choosing a management system, it is necessary to focus on the simplest and most understandable forms, not to complicate the management process. And of course, do not forget about the interests of consumers.
Enterprise Management System Methods
Management method is a way of influencing employees and the team as a whole, the purpose of which is to ensure coordination of their work to obtain the necessary results. According to the content, the methods of organization of enterprise management are divided into three broad groups:
- Administrative methods are based on the subordination of employees down the hierarchy and are divided, in turn, into organizational and managerial. The former encompass entire management structures and give a clear division of responsibilities, they appear in the general instructions and norms of the enterprise. The second constitute an operational response and appear in the form of orders.
- Economic methods are based on interest in the results of production and are aimed at encouraging employees to achieve the goals set for them by management. This includes monetary incentives for employees in the form of bonuses, as well as material liability for the work performed.
- Socio-psychological methods are based on the psychological state of employees and include various educational and enlightening work, creating a favorable working environment and resolving social ties in the team, and employee participation in management.
The composition of the leadership of the organization
Organization of personnel management in the enterprise is carried out with the help of senior management appointed by the owner of the company or the board of founders. The management apparatus should include four areas: general, technical, economic and operational.
The general management unites all line managers and is headed by the director of the enterprise, which, in turn, relies on deputies and assistants. The head of the technical direction is the chief engineer of the organization, he is usually the first deputy director of the enterprise. However, his main task is to manage research work. At the head of the economic service is the chief accountant, subordinate to whom are the planning and economic department, labor department, accounting, logistics, financial department and marketing department.
The operational management service consists of a production and dispatch department and a planning and dispatch bureau. The head of the operational service is the duty dispatcher.
Further guidance is determined on the basis of production volumes and includes workshop managers, site masters.
Work with company personnel
It is necessary to analyze in more detail the work with the personnel of the enterprise. As mentioned above, a person is the main resource of the organization, therefore, he should pay maximum attention.
Work with staff begins with adaptation. This process includes practical familiarization of people with their responsibilities, a clear communication to them of all necessary information, rules and regulations of the enterprise, its goals, as well as the establishment of interpersonal relations between employees.
We must not forget about the development of personnel, increasing their professionalism. It all starts with the understanding of employees about the need for continuous training and self-development, awareness of their role in the team and increasing responsibility for their results. For these purposes, educational activities and trainings are held. Development is based on training, which should be managed and funded by the organization. An important advantage for employees will be the possibility of career growth with advanced training.
Analysis of the organization of enterprise management makes it clear the high role of staff motivation. Motivation is a process of motivating employees to work effectively and is based on administrative, economic and socio-psychological methods of influence. The structure of any of the motives consists of three main parts: determining the needs of employees, the remuneration that the employee can receive and the purpose of the action necessary to satisfy the need.
For the purposes of motivating staff, such needs as physiological, social, psychological, social recognition of his personality, the need for self-expression, involvement in well-done work, and others, serve.
Conclusion
Organization of enterprise management planning is a complex and multifaceted process that requires professional development by professionals. With the growth of the company there is a tendency to complicate the organizational and managerial structure, increasing its scale. The main goal of any enterprise is the implementation of the indicated standards, for which it is necessary to bring the level of discipline to the required level. For this, each company selects the most appropriate impact and control methods for its structure.
Economics and enterprise management by an organization are closely related. With the right approach to choosing company management, working with employees, methods of stimulating personnel to achieve the desired results, the company will develop and increase its profit. With an erroneous approach, everything will be exactly the opposite. That is why the management organization should pay maximum attention and periodically analyze the results of management activities.