Higher nervous activity (GNI), types and poise - this is the balance of excitement and inhibition, that is, the ratio between these forces. Given the balance of forces of inhibitory and excitatory processes, balanced and unbalanced types can be distinguished, that is, processes can be either equally strong, or one will prevail over the other.
Nervous processes
Nervous processes are as mobile as how quickly the cells of the cerebral cortex change from the process of excitation to the process of inhibition and vice versa. That is, the higher activity of the nervous system can be labile (mobile) or inert (sedentary).
Types of GNI according to Pavlov
Pavlov I.P. on the basis of studies on animals and humans was able to identify four clearly manifested types of activity of the nervous system:
1. The choleric type is strong, unbalanced, excitable.
2. Sanguine - strong, agile, balanced.
3. Phlegmatic - strong, inert, balanced.
4. Melancholy - weak.
Information obtained as a result of experiments on animals applies to people. But it is worth noting that the physiologist Pavlov investigated the types of higher nervous activity in humans in clinical conditions.
Temperament according to Pavlov
The restraint and dynamism of the nervous processes characterizes the types of activity of the nervous system of people, which are the physical basis of their temperaments. Specifically, higher nervous activity (types of temperament) is manifested in behavior. And this is not only a manner of human behavior, but also the sides of the psyche that make themselves felt in cognitive activity, in the actions and feelings of a person.
Higher nervous activity (types of temperament) are manifested in the functioning of signal systems and their interaction. But at the same time, human behavior can be diverse not only due to the physiological basis, but also due to the system of conditional, temporary connections that are formed in the course of human activity.
Higher nervous activity (types of temperament) affects only the behavior and activities of people. In addition, the type of human nervous system can change in the process of life, since it depends on the influences a person is exposed to. Types also depend on training and education. Very often, with age, temperament changes.
Personality traits
Any type of nervous activity, like any temperament, can be given socially important personality traits. Types cannot be evaluated positively or negatively, since each of them has its pros and cons. For example, a choleric is more energetic than a phlegmatic in actions and quick reaction, but at the same time a phlegmatic is more restrained and cold-blooded. For an example of the positive qualities of different temperaments, one can cite the responsiveness of a sanguine person, the leisurelyness of a phlegmatic person, the vigor of choleric, the stability of a melancholic.
But on the other hand, higher nervous activity, types of temperament are often also properties that are undesirable for a person. Sanguine temperament, for example, in certain conditions can lead to a tendency to "scatter", phlegmatic - can determine indifference and indifference to the environment and so on. Therefore, you need to understand the negative and positive aspects of temperament and be able to manage them, which is the main goal of education.