What are the criteria for evaluating a work of literature? Which of them are required to qualify for this type of final test? These questions are relevant for high school students, their parents, teachers of the Russian language, and therefore deserve close attention.
Assessment Features
Consider the main criteria for evaluating an essay on literature established by the FIPI (Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements). The composition is considered to meet five criteria. The first two are considered the main ones, they are the ones that influence getting the credit for this type of final test in the 11th grade. If a student receives a credit for at least one of these two criteria, then all work is not automatically counted. In addition, for the overall classification of the final essay as a whole, in addition to a positive assessment by the two mandatory criteria, it must correspond to at least one of the remaining three.
The criteria for evaluating the final essay on literature also includes accounting for the amount of work (at least 250 words). Experts advise graduates to use 350 words in their work, including service particles. All work is given 3 hours 55 minutes.
Relevance to the topic
The criteria for evaluating the final essay on the literature includes verification of the content. The graduate demonstrates his reasoning on the proposed topic, chooses the path for its full disclosure. For example, he offers his answer to the question posed in the proposed task. Also, a high school student can demonstrate his thoughts on a given problem, build a coherent story based on the thesis.
The criteria for evaluating an essay on literature suggest that it does not count if the content is not related to the topic, there is no communicative purpose, and the specific purpose of the statement taken is not traced.
Using arguments from literary material
The criterion for evaluating an essay on literature includes an analysis of the ability to apply a specific literary material when building its own judgment on a given topic. The assessment of the ability to argue the position is supposed.
The evaluation criteria for the December essay on literature includes the obligatory involvement of a graduate of one work of world or domestic literature.
In his reasoning, the student independently chooses the method of using literary material, demonstrates a different level of understanding. For example, from a problematic, a plot, a subject, a transition is made to a comprehensive analysis of a literary text in the aspect of a given topic.
Criteria for evaluating an essay on literature suggest exposing a standoff for this indicator if no literary material was involved in writing the argument. Also, an unsatisfactory mark is set when the meaning and the main content of the sources are distorted, with a cursory mention of the texts, that is, in the absence of reliance on the literary work.
Composition
What else should include the final essay on literature? Evaluation criteria, requirements for the work of high school students suggest an analysis of the composition of the work. This criterion is aimed at analyzing the ability to build logical reasoning on a selected topic.
The graduate must argue his own thoughts, maintaining the relationship between evidence and the proposed thesis. Failure is set for this criterion in the event that serious logical violations are identified that interfere with the awareness of the meaning of reasoning. Also, an unsatisfactory mark is set in the absence of a thesis and evidence in the work.
Speech quality
The official criteria for evaluating the final essay includes verifying the speech design of the text of the work. A graduate must accurately express his thoughts, use different vocabulary, several grammatical constructions. If necessary, the use of terms is allowed. The final essay should not have speech stamps.
Failure by this criterion is set in the event that, due to poor quality of speech, it is significantly difficult to understand the general meaning of the work. In all other cases, a high school student receives a test by this criterion.
Literacy
Criteria and norms for assessing literature require an analysis of the graduate's literacy. Failure is set when grammar, speech, punctuation, spelling mistakes are made in the composition (and the total number is determined by the ratio: 5 errors per 100 words).
The algorithm for work on the final essay
What requirements are set by FIPI? An essay on the literature, the evaluation criteria of which are given above, is written according to a certain algorithm. Teachers of literature introduce high school students to the technique of writing the final essay so that the guys successfully cope with this serious test.
Chess player David Bronstein invented 18 ways to conduct a chess game in 40 minutes. What is the number of final writings on literature? The question of how to start an essay is relevant for all high school students. Let us analyze a few intros that will help graduates get credit for the December essay.
Introduction
It should be small in volume. It is enough to draw up two or three sentences that will help draw the attention of reviewers to creative work. There are several types of intros:
- lyrical;
- comparative;
- biographical;
- analytical;
- historical.
When choosing a historical introduction, it is necessary to give a small description of the era used. This option of starting creative work has a significant drawback: the composition cannot be considered original.
The analytical view involves the interpretation of the concept that is put in the heading. For example, one can define honor by discussing civic duty and morality.
The biographical introduction is based on the features of work on the work, facts from the life and work of its author.
When choosing a comparative beginning for his creative work, the graduate gives several literary works that are similar in theme, gives a comparative analysis of them.
In the lyrical introduction, you can use the connection of the theme of the composition with your own life experience. E.I. Ilyin suggested using the following types of such entries:
- academic, for this you need to know perfectly the biography of the writer;
- on his own behalf, demonstrating in his creative work his own judgments on the proposed issues;
- quotation, implying the use of a literary work;
- cinema, in which you have to endure all the creative work.
In the book of V.N. Meshcheryakova “Learning to start and end the text” offers interesting types of intros for the final essay:
- real and possible;
- invitation to an interesting dialogue;
- existing and due;
- accomplished and expected.
Introduction is necessary so that the topic of the essay becomes a specific question, the answer to which will be presented in the main part. It should contain a certain conflict, a contradiction, direct it to serious thoughts. Throughout the essay, the student must check whether he has found the answer.
For example, when writing an essay on the theme "Chatsky's Image in the Comedy" Woe from Wit ", you can use this entry option.
“I consider the following wording as one of the main questions of modern public consciousness:“ Is Chatsky smart or stupid? ”” A question has been selected, within which there is a serious conflict.
In the main part of the essay, you can talk about stupidity, mind, quote, give a detailed analysis. The conclusion in the creative work should contain the answer to the question posed in the introduction.
Which entry can be considered unsuccessful? If it is too long, contains a summary of general information that is not relevant to its subject.
The main part of the work
It is difficult to give specific recommendations regarding the content of the main part of the examination paper in literature.
In volume, it should be approximately ¾ of the entire work. The student here expresses his thoughts in such a way as to show the answer to the question posed at the beginning of the essay. So, in the examination paper on literature, which is mandatory for all eleventh graders, there should be three components: introduction, main part, logical conclusion. Each paragraph contains one topic, one thought.
To communicate them with each other, it is necessary to apply the following turns:
- "I want to say…";
- "Now consider."
A good bunch will be the use of connective words, oppositions, transitions.
Conclusion
In order to get a certificate of secondary education, you need to successfully pass several tests. Among them - the final work on literature. FIPI has developed certain criteria by which the final essays of high school students are checked. In order for their reasoning to be evaluated positively (set off), experts should note at least two mandatory criteria.
This is enough for admission to the main examination session, but not enough for graduates planning to study at prestigious higher educational institutions after school. Only when receiving a credit for all five criteria, you can count on additional points.