Each of the housewives knows that the bow should always be in the house. This product is added to almost any dish, it can bring great benefits to our body. Anyone who has a summer cottage, must plant it at home. But not every beginner gardener knows how to make the crop end up being plentiful.
Bed preparation
The most important thing for a good harvest is preparing the soil for planting onions. For sowing, a sunny and open place is chosen. Loamy soils that are previously seasoned with mineral and organic fertilizers are very suitable for onions. Most often, it is planted on lands where beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or cabbage used to grow. The beds are made not very high, up to 15 cm, and the width is maintained no more than 100 cm. Dig up the substrate, for each square. m add 4 kg of dung humus or compost and 3 kg of peat. Then again, everything loosens to a shallow depth, all components are well mixed with a layer of earth. The soil is carefully leveled and tamped slightly, then it is watered with a solution of copper sulfate and closed for several days with a film before planting.
Preparation of sets
Preparing the onion for planting is, though not particularly difficult, but painstaking work. To do this, you must:
- Thoroughly sort out the heads and remove all soft, dried and spoiled.
“Seeds that have not yet sprouted green seedlings need to be cut.” To do this, with the help of scissors, the upper dry part is removed, thanks to this, the seedling can be accelerated.
- Dry and place the heads slightly in a warm and dry place.
- They must be thoroughly heated at a temperature of + 20-25 degrees.
- Immediately before planting, the onion is soaked for 3 hours in a special composition, which is prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. salt per 1 liter of water.
- In order to exclude the appearance of diseases, it is necessary to carry out disinfection. The most reliable tool is a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. Two hours of soaking will be enough to kill all the germs.
- The seeds are slightly dried, at this the preparation of the onion set for planting is completely completed.
Spring landing
Sowing begins around the beginning of May, when the soil is already well warmed up. First of all, the smallest of seeds is lowered into the ground. They should be less than 1 cm, will not form an arrow. Two weeks later, when the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is completed, proceed to the main sevka. If you send very large seeds to the ground, then they will very quickly release arrows, which will significantly reduce the final crop. Before starting work, it is necessary to treat the heads with a growth stimulator - strictly according to the instructions.
Autumn landing
In the fall, they plant the smallest sevka, whose diameter is less than 1 cm. This is primarily done because such onions very rarely survive until spring. Work is carried out 2 weeks before the first frost. In the land, these seeds will be perfectly preserved, they will not shoot, and in the spring they will yield a good harvest, since a large vegetation period will pass. Preparing onions before planting follows the same pattern as in spring.
Proper care
The main requirements for caring for sowing are watering, timely control of pests, weeds and diseases. From May to June, you need to water the plants once a week, and for hot times the number of approaches needs to be doubled. 1 m 2 accounts for 5-10 liters of water. In July, the flow must be reduced, as the ripening of the bulbs will begin.
Watering at this time should be careful so as not to damage the fruits. Even if the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is done correctly, in a short period of time the earth can be compacted, then it must be loosened in wide aisles, literally a few centimeters. Before such a procedure, it is recommended to water the soil abundantly.
Which grade is better
The choice primarily depends on the purpose that the fetus must bear. For example, if you grow onions on greens, then use the advice of proven plant growers and get chives and shallots or batuns and slimes preferred by most gardeners. And the best option in deciding what kind to buy on the head, would be the purchase of varieties "Timiryazevsky", "Oporto" or "Stuttgarter Risen." If the preparation of the onion set for planting was done correctly, then all of the listed heads will have excellent taste and attractive appearance with good sizes. As practice shows, if everything is done right, then with one hundredth you can get a crop that reaches 400 kg. Moreover, 9 out of 10 bulbs will have excellent presentation and maximum storage duration.
Watering
If the preparation of onion set before planting was carried out according to all the rules, the plant took root well and began to grow, then during the growing season it needs to be watered 5-7 times. First, you need to carry out the active introduction of fluid, and after the root crop is formed, all actions are reduced. Too much water should not be added, as the bulb may be soaked and the crop will be lost. After the arrows appear, they must be broken down so that all the juices go directly to the bulb, and by the time it has managed to form. Watering should be reduced at this time. If the bulb does not have time to go outside before the end of the growing season, then it will need to be torn a little and gently watered, this will improve ripening.
Fertilizer
Even if the onion is prepared very well for planting, it still requires fertilizer. All organic minerals need to be added to the soil in the fall at the rate of 5 kg of rotted manure or compost and 1 kg of ash per 1 m 2 .
You can also use complex fertilizers, which are applied per 100 grams per 1 m 2 . In the spring, it is required to make supplements suitable for this season with additives in the same way. All mineral composts are not recommended to be added deep into the soil, otherwise there is a risk of burning young roots, and almost all useful components will go to the lower layers.
Cleaning and storage
The preparation of turnip onions for planting was done correctly, a wonderful harvest has grown, the time has come to harvest. The main signs of ripening is yellowing and lodging of leaves. It is customary to dig a crop from July 10 to August 10 - depending on the speed of development of the vegetable. Even if not all leaves turn yellow, at this time the onion must be pulled out of the soil and laid out in a thin layer for 12-15 days for drying and ripening. Both preparing the onion for planting and storage require certain skills and knowledge. The crop is dried in the sun, then dried leaves are removed from it and the heads are additionally dried for several days at a temperature of + 30-35 degrees. This can be done near heating devices or a Russian stove. Such a quality procedure will help protect the heads from diseases with cervical rot and downy mildew.
After all the operations performed, the set is necessarily sorted. Small bulbs up to 1.5 cm in size are better to set aside and plant under the winter, in early October. A large crop is completed with 10-15 kg and is poured into boxes or canvas bags. Then they are placed in plastic bags, knotted well and stored in a dark place at a temperature of + 17-18 degrees.
Once a month, it is necessary to control the crop in order to throw out rotten and withered heads in time. If you keep the set at a temperature higher or lower than indicated, then when planting it will go in the direction of the arrow.
Disease Prevention and Treatment
Preparing onion sets before planting can not always protect it from a variety of diseases. He is subject to a huge number of ailments. The most common of these are mosaics, smut of onions, gray neck rot, bottom rot, and downy mildew. You need to know that if a vegetable was affected by a disease, then it is not at all suitable for storage.
There are certain measures that prevent the occurrence of diseases. In particular, this is annual fruit change and crop rotation. Preparation of onions for planting on the head should begin with a thorough destruction of all residues of other vegetables in the soil, seed disinfection, and spatial isolation between plantings of vegetables of the first and second years. Planting a vegetable in the last place is possible only after three to four years. It is very important to keep food and planting material clean. It is necessary to disinfect the store and carry out preventive spraying.
It is undesirable to sow near large floodplains, swamps and reservoirs. In order to reduce the risk of various diseases of onions, it is necessary to make deep autumn plowing with a plow, as well as top dressing with the optimal amount of fertilizer. In this case, a large amount of nitrogen is best avoided.
Phosphorus-potassium supplements significantly increase disease resistance. They also help to prevent the occurrence of oversporosis and neck rot. In addition, with the help of such components, it is possible to accelerate ripening and protect the vegetable from dangerous pests.
Preparing the onion for planting on the head involves examining all the seeds for damage, only healthy ones are suitable for the land. Before starting work, it must be warmed up. Such measures can protect and protect the heads from rot. As a result, the amount of waste during storage can be reduced. This method can help you notice damaged and infected bulbs in time and remove them. Warming up can also protect against the appearance of downy mildew.
How to grow shallots
It is very simple to grow such a beautiful plant in your area if you have well-fertilized soil. It is planted in order to get juicy and healthy greens, this is the so-called family onion. Preparation for landing should begin in the fall, although it is not very harmful, but it requires some measures. For this, mineral and organic fertilizers are introduced into the ground during digging. This requirement is considered the main, in the end, to get a wonderful harvest. The bulbs, which should become a crop, are carefully sorted, after which damaged and rotten material is discarded.
Preparing the onion for planting should take place in early spring, when it is planted in the ground, as the threat of frost goes away. Before starting work, the material is soaked for a couple of hours in warm water or in a light solution of potassium permanganate. The laying of heads in the ground occurs in rows according to the 15x25 cm pattern. The depth of lowering the bulbs is 4-5 cm. Legumes are considered the best predecessor cultures. The plant prefers moderate irrigation and is not particularly demanding on moisture. The basis of care is weed removal, weeding and sparse watering.