In September 2010, the government of the Russian Federation issued a decree which prescribed the procedure for certification of standards. Rosstandart has developed guidance documents to ensure uniform measurement. Information about certified standards is entered into the information fund of the Federation, and through this a single standard is provided throughout the country. What certification of standards is, Rosstandart has determined consistently and comprehensively, this is what will be considered in this article.
What is a standard
A standard of units of a physical quantity (measurement standard) is a means of measurement or a whole complex of them, which is designed to store and (or) reproduce a given unit, as well as to transfer its size to measuring instruments that are lower in the verification scheme. This measuring instrument (or a set of means) is approved as a standard by the established procedure, which is the certification of standards. Rosstandart provides for its main course some notes.
Firstly, the design of the standard, its set of properties and methods for reproducing the unit determines the nature of this physical quantity, the level of development of measurement techniques in a particular area. Secondly, the certification of standards by Rosstandart provides only if the standard has at least three essential features that are closely related to each other. This is immutability, reproducibility and comparability.
Primary and secondary standards
1. The primary standard (primary standard ) is the one that ensures the reproduction of a unit with the highest accuracy in the country compared to the standards of the same unit. Rosstandart also makes a note here. Certification of standards for metrological properties (only primary standards of units of quantities) does not depend on the metrological properties of other standards where units of the same values are measured.
2. The primary special is the standard that reproduces the unit under specific conditions, that is, at high and ultrahigh frequencies, at low and high energies, temperatures, pressures, under special conditions of substances, and the like. And in these cases, the methods developed by Rosstandart are applied. Certification of standards reproducing a unit under conditions of special specificity is carried out in accordance with the Regulation on them.
3. A secondary standard is one that receives the size of a unit from the primary standard of that unit directly. This includes working standards, copy standards and comparison standards, which will be discussed below.
Comparison standard and source
1. The reference standard (transfer standard) is called the secondary, which is used for comparison, if they can not directly be compared with the primary. Rosstandart prescribes certification of measurement standards of units in such cases.
2. The reference standard is the one that has the highest metrological properties of those available for this type of measurement in a laboratory, enterprise, organization, ministry or department, region, country or a specific group of countries . It is from the original standard that the unit size is derived through the measuring instruments subordinate to it.
Here, regarding the certification of unit standards, Rosstandart also gives two notes. First: instead of the initial standard, some CIS countries use a secondary one, which is given the size of the unit of custodian of this standard, and this is the country's primary standard. Second: those standards that are lower than the original in the verification scheme are most often referred to as subordinate standards.
Copy standard, working and state standard
1. A copy standard is called a secondary one, which is intended to transfer the size of a unit to working standards; in some justified cases, it replaces even the primary standard, although this is not always its physical exact copy. Certification of standards of units of quantities is much less likely to use this method.
2. The working standard (working standard) is called the secondary, transmitting the size of the unit the most accurate, exemplary means of measurement.
3. The state primary standard is the primary one, by the decision of the authorized state body recognized as the source in the territory of this state. An example of such certification of standards of unit values is the state standards of kilogram, meter, second, kelvin, ampere, newton, candela, pascal, becquerel, volt.
There are certain rules for the state primary standards of units: they are always in federal ownership and are not subject to privatization, as stipulated by the relevant laws. They are used and stored in state scientific centers of metrology.
National and international standards
National standard (national standard) is officially recognized as the source in the country. In essence, this concept coincides with the definition of a state standard, with respect to which there is a special Decree on the certification of standards. Therefore, this term is used for cases where it is necessary to compare the standards of different states with the international standard, as well as for conducting circular comparisons (for the standards of a number of countries). But first, in each country, certification of standards of quantities is carried out. Rosstandart approves the measurement of each unit in our country.
An international standard is the one adopted by an international agreement as an international basis for harmonizing the sizes of units that are stored and reproduced as national standards. For example, the prototype of a kilogram stored in the BIPM was claimed by the First General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM).
Standards single and group
A single reference is one that has only one measuring instrument (reference setting, measuring device or measure) in its composition for storing and (or) reproducing one or another unit. When passes, according to Rosstandart, certification of standards, orders of the Federal Agency for Metrology and Technical Regulation regarding measuring instruments must be strictly observed. They determine the procedure for consideration of documents and their passage for accreditation to ensure complete unity of measurements, in whatever area this activity is carried out.
A collective standard is a standard where combined measuring instruments of a single type, range or nominal value are used, used together to increase the accuracy of the unit or to store it. Group standards are of variable or constant composition. The result is the arithmetic average after measurement with standard settings or with the same type of measurement.
Transportable reference and reference set
The reference set (group standard) is called that standard, in which there is a combination of various measuring instruments, then it becomes possible to store the unit or reproduce it in the combined ranges of the indicated means. For this type of standards there is also a register (Rosstandart). Certification of standards occurs when it is necessary to cover a certain range of values of a given physical quantity.
The transported standard (traveling standard) is most often a standard of a special design, which is intended for transportation to the place of comparisons of the standards of a specific unit or calibration (verification) of measuring instruments . Rosstandart conducts certification of standards for unit values at certain stages. The holder of the standards first prepares a package of documents (Order No. 36 of 2014), which includes certificates of primary certification and calibration of the standard, a passport with the rules for the application and maintenance of the standard, which also contains a section with the certification methodology. Further, the holder of the standard applies to Rosstandart. Certification of standards requires its submission in order to be able to approve the results of primary certification and enter data on these standards into the registers of the Federal Information Fund.
Periodic certification
The standard should periodically receive confirmation of compliance, therefore, in due time, the holder sends the documents for examination. If its results are positive, Rosstandart issues an order to approve these standards, and this will be the basis for entering this information into the appropriate section of the Federal Information Fund.
Rosstandart requires such certification of standards periodically, and each time the holder must inform them of the results. Passed certification standards are entered in the list, which will be sent to the electronic document management system, for which the holder must fill out a special form. If the certification results are negative, an official letter of unsuitability is sent to Rosstandart for amending the data of the Federal Information Fund.
Certification Standards Ordinance
Rosstandart is the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology, which is an executive body that provides public services and manages state property in the field of metrology and technical regulation. Since 2004, the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Russian Federation has been in charge of this agency. In 2010, the government adopted Decree No. 734 with a Regulation determining the procedure for introducing mandatory requirements for standards of units used in state regulation and ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
It also contains information on the procedure for assessing compliance with the requirements of each standard of units of quantities that are presented to them, and the procedure for transferring from state standards. This Regulation contains an order on the comparison, content, approval and application of primary state standards. The government decree introduced a procedure for periodic and initial certification of standards to assess and verify compliance with all established requirements.
Certification Procedure
The provision given by Decree No. 734 determines the composition of the documents required for the certification certification procedure. It:
1. Information on primary certification and research results.
2. Rules for the application and content of the standard.
3. Determination of the inter-certification interval.
The owners of certified standards can be individual entrepreneurs or legal entities. They send all the prepared documents to Rosstandart for a decision on the approval of their standards.
Rosstandart order
In January 2014, Order No. 36 of Rosstandart appeared, which referred to the approval of the initial certification and periodic, as well as the preparation of standards for approval.
This concerned those standards of units of quantities that are used in state regulation and ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Certification should be carried out according to recommendations, which contain nine applications with descriptions of the stages of the primary certification (Appendix 1) and periodic (Appendix 9).
Rosstandart functions
The metrology department of the Federal Agency during the certification of standards performs the following actions:
1. Registered applications holders.
2. The compliance of the materials provided by the holder with all the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation is checked.
3. A draft order is submitted to the deputy head of the Federal Agency for Metrology and Technical Regulation on the approval of the signature standard.
4. The unit standard is recorded.
5. A copy of the order for the approval of this standard to the holder is issued.
6. The journal for issuing a copy of the approval order is filled out.
Further, FSUE VNIIMS determines the number of the standard and certification certificate, which it contributes to the information fund.
conclusions
Certification of standards is a voluminous work that is carried out not only by Rosstandart organizations (FMCs, GNMI), but also by individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that contain and apply state and no standards of measurement uniformity.
For 2016, in Russia there is a register of 65,688 approved standards. For example, the FBU Rostov TSSM managed to certify 1,125 standards in 2016, the FBU Volgograd TSSM - 657, the FBU Krasnodar TSSM - 1256, the FBU Stavropol TSSM - 704, and the FBU Crimean TSSM - 417.