For the final processing of various kinds of workpieces, a special type of equipment is used - a metal grinding machine. There are several varieties of aggregates of this type. As a working tool, most often they use special grinding wheels.
Types of machines
Currently, the following types of metal grinding machines are used in enterprises:
Intra grinding. They are used for processing through billets from the inside and along the ends.
Circular grinding. Machines of this type are mainly used for the final processing of cylindrical and conical blanks.
Surface grinding. This is one of the most common types of equipment. Used machines of this kind to perform operations such as grinding flat (ordinary surfaces).
Honing On such machines, small allowances are removed on workpieces (0.04-0.08 mm).
Centerless grinding. This type of equipment is mainly used in large industries. Machines of this type are intended for processing the outer surfaces of workpieces.
Product processing on equipment such as a metal grinding machine can be performed using powders and pastes, bars, skins or segments. However, most often, special abrasive wheels are used to give the metal surface a smooth appearance.
Internal Grinding Machines
Equipment of this type can be used both in small-scale and mass production. It also has different dimensions, weight, productivity, power and equipment. The design of units of this type, like any other metal grinding machines, includes the following elements:
The main distinguishing feature of the design of such equipment as a metal grinding machine, designed to process workpieces from the inside, is considered to be a stationary headstock mounted on a bed. It moves back and forth due to the movement of the table itself. The spindle dimensions in such machines depend on the diameter of the working tool.
Circular grinding equipment
Metalworking machines of this type have a rotary upper table mounted on the lower. It is located in front of the bed. When processing conical parts, the lower table is rotated at a certain necessary angle and fixed in this position with special clamps. Behind the bed in circular grinding machines there is a platform for the headstock.
Surface grinding units
Machine tools for metal of this type can be produced:
with horizontal spindle, cross support and rectangular table;
with general purpose table and horizontal spindle;
with vertical spindle and extendable table;
with a table of continuous action;
single and double rack longitudinal grinding;
double-sided face grinding with horizontal or vertical spindle.
In tool production , the first type of machine tools (with a rectangular table) is most often used. Their design features include a spindle mounted on high rolling bearings, a caliper with a rigid guide and equipped with a complex of various devices. Technologically, the capabilities of these machines are truly wide.
Centerless grinding equipment
A metal grinding machine of this type is able to provide the highest quality workpiece processing. In fact, these units are a more advanced and productive variety of circular grinding models. Most often they are used when creating automatic lines in production, since if necessary they can be equipped with any type of loading devices and devices for active control of the size of workpieces.
On such equipment as a centerless grinding machine, both external and internal processing of metal products can be performed. However, the last operation is performed with their use quite rarely. Nevertheless, these are the most advanced units of all used for grinding steel, cast iron, alloys, etc.
Honing Equipment
Using aggregates of this type, the final grinding of metal is performed. Honing machines are available for internal or external surfaces, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement of one or more spindles. The headstock of such machines is mounted on column guides. A special honing head is mounted on the spindle. Since the processing of parts on units of this variety should be carried out with maximum accuracy, their design includes various types of active control systems based on non-contact or contact measurement methods.
Grinding machine: price
The cost of equipment of this type depends on its power, performance and size. Also, the price of machines can vary depending on their variety. So, small surface grinding models can cost in the range of 300-400 thousand rubles. For a professional model of high performance of this type, you will have to pay about 2 million rubles. Small circular grinding machines cost around 60-300 thousand rubles. The price of overall high-performance equipment of this type is 400-1500 thousand rubles. Centerless grinding equipment, depending on productivity, can be purchased for 300-2000 thousand rubles.
Grinding wheels for machine tools
This kind of abrasive work tools is most often used in machine tools. They are selected based mainly on what type of work they are supposed to be used for. Also, the type of wheel depends on the model of the machine used. For example:
For circular grinding units, simple straight profile wheels are usually used.
For equipment such as a centerless grinding machine, straight profile wheels with one-sided undercut are often used.
For flat or face grinding, ring, cup, cylindrical or conical circles can also be used.
Sharpening tools are usually used.
For internal processing of through-products, grinding heads are used.
Most often, metal grinding is carried out using very strong corundum circles on organic or ceramic bonds. In any case, an abrasive tool of this type must meet the following requirements:
withstand high loads from centrifugal forces;
process workpieces with the lowest degree of roughness;
have high bending strength in both dry and wet conditions;
remove as many chips as possible per unit of time.
Type of grain
Most often in production, circles with aluminum oxide grain are used. They can be used to process cast iron, steel, iron, and even various kinds of alloys. For grinding especially hard materials use circles with grain of a mixed type - from aluminum oxides and zirconium. Soft metals (copper, brass) are treated using circles coated with alumina and silicon carbide. Coarse grinding tools are not used. The best results in terms of surface smoothness can only be achieved using small circles.
As you can see, modern grinding equipment can have a different design and be designed to handle parts of any shape, both inside and out. Units of this type are used in small, medium and large enterprises. Their productivity and the quality of workpiece processing depend, inter alia, on the correct choice of abrasive tools, of which there are also many types.